Relación de la carga interna de entrenamiento, optimismo y resiliencia con los niveles de estrés-recuperación en nadadores

  1. Aranzana Juarros, Miguel 1
  2. Salguero del Valle, Alfonso 1
  3. Molinero González, Olga 1
  4. Rosado, Antonio Fernando Boleto 2
  5. Márquez Rosa, Sara 1
  1. 1 Departamento de Educación Física y Deportiva e Instituto de Biomedicina (IBIOMED), Universidad de León, León, España.
  2. 2 Facultad de Motricidad Humana, Universidad de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.
Journal:
Cuadernos de psicología del deporte

ISSN: 1578-8423,  1989-5879

Year of publication: 2018

Volume: 18

Issue: 1

Pages: 43-54

Type: Article

DIALNET GOOGLE SCHOLAR lock_openDIGITUM editor

More publications in: Cuadernos de psicología del deporte

Abstract

Identify psychological characteristics of athletes, such as resilience and optimism, and their perception of training and competition will be better to know those aspects that help them to achieve optimal state of performance. Tis study analysed the infuence of internal training load on the perception of stress and recovery levels, as well as the possible modulating role played by resilience and optimism in the state of the swimmers during tapering stage. Te participants consisted of 82 swimmers, aged between 13 and 29 years (M =15,79, SD =2,707). Te instruments used were: the RESTQ-Sport questionnaire to record stress-recovery levels; the Resilience Scale to evaluate the resilient profle, the LOT-R to determine dispositional optimism and the Session-Efort Subjective Perception method (session-RPE) to measure internal training load. Te fndings suggest that there is no signifcant infuence of internal training load on stress-recovery levels, where optimism has a positive and signifcant efect on the main factors of RESTQ-Sport. Swimmers with high resilient qualities and those optimists, reduce the internal training load signifcantly during tapering stage.

€ View funding

Funding information

Este estudio fue realizado con la ayuda de la Cátedra de la Escuela de Estudios Universitarios Real Madrid – Universidad Europea de Madrid, Año: 2014-2015.

Funders

Bibliographic References

  • 1. Aranzana, M., Salguero, A., Molinero, O., Zubiaur, M., De la Vega, R., Ruiz, R., y Márquez, S. (2016). Infuencia del perfl resiliente, optimismo disposicional, estrategias de afrontamiento y carga de entrenamiento en los niveles de estrés-recuperación en nadadores. Kronos, 15(1), 1-12. Recuperado de https://g-se.com/es/salud-y-ftness/
  • 2. Black, G. M., Gabbett, T. J., Cole, M. H., y Naughton, G. (2016). Monitoring workload in throwing-Dominant sport: a systematic review. Sport Medicine, 46(10), 1503-1516. doi:10.1007/s40279-016-0529-6
  • 3. Borg, G. A. (1982). Psychophysical bases of perceived exertion. Medicine and Science in Sport and Exercise, 14(5), 377-381.
  • 4. Borresen, J., y Lambert, M. I. (2009). Te quantifcation of training load, the training response and the efect on performance. Sports Medicine, 39(9), 779-795. doi:10.2165/11317780-000000000-00000
  • 5. Bosquet, L., Montpetit, J., Arvisais, D., y Mujika, I. (2007). Efects of tapering on performance: a meta-analysis. Medicine and Science in Sport and Exercise, 39(8), 1358-1365. doi: 10.1249/mss.0b013e31806010e0
  • 6. Bresciani, G., Cuevas, M. J., Garatachea, N., Molinero, O., Almar, M., De Paz, J. A., … González-Gallego, J. (2010). Monitoring biological and psychological measures throughout an entire season in male handball players. European Journal of Sport Science, 10(6), 377-384. doi: 10.1080/17461391003699070
  • 7. Campos, J., y Cervera, V. R. (2001). Teoría y planifcación del entrenamiento deportivo. Barcelona: Paidotribo.
  • 8. Ferrando, P. J., Chico, E., y Tous, J. M. (2002). Propiedades psicométricas del test de optimismo Life Orientation Stress. Psicothema, 14(3), 673-680. Recuperado de https://www.unioviedo.es/reunido/index. php/PST/article/view/8001
  • 9. Ferreira, M. R., dos Santos, G., Salvador, S., Figueira, A., Santo, R., y Borin, J. P. (2015). Alteraciones emocionales y la relación con las cargas de entrenamiento en nadadores de alto rendimiento. Revista Brasileira de Ciências do Esporte, 37(4), 376-382. doi: 10.1016/j.rbce.2015.08.009
  • 10. Fletcher, D., y Sarkar, M. (2012). A grounded theory of psychological resilience in Olympic champions. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 13, 669-678. doi:10.1016/j.psychsport.2012.04.007
  • 11. Foster, C., Florhaug, J. A., Franklin, J., Gottschall, L., Hrovatin, L. A., Parker, S., ... Dodge, C. (2001). A new approach to monitoring exercise training. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 15, 109–115.
  • 12. Freitas, V. H., Nakamura, F. Y., Miloski, B., Samulski, D., y BaraFilho, M. G. (2014). Sensitivity of physiological and psychological markers to training load intensifcation in volleyball players. Journal of Sport Science and Medicine, 13, 571-579.
  • 13. Garatachea, N., García-López, D., Cuevas, M. J., Almar, M., Molinero, O., Márquez, S., y González-Gallego, J. (2011). Biological and psychological monitoring of training status during an entire season in top kayakers. Te Journal of Sport Medicine and Physical Fitness, 51(2), 339-346.
  • 14. García-Naveira, A. G., y Díaz, J. F. (2010). Relación entre optimismo/ pesimismo disposicional, rendimiento y edad en jugadores de fútbol de competición. Revista Iberoamericana de Psicología del Ejercicio y el Deporte, 5(1), 45-60.
  • 15. García-Secades, X., Molinero, O., Ruiz, R., Salguero, A., De la Vega, R., y Márquez, S. (2014). La resiliencia en el deporte: fundamentos teóricos, instrumentos de evaluación y revisión de la literatura. Cuadernos de Psicología del Deporte, 14(3), 83-98.
  • 16. García-Secades, X., Salguero, A., Molinero, O., De la Vega, R., Ruiz, R., y Márquez, S. (2015). El papel del perfl resiliente y las estrategias de afrontamiento sobre el estrés-recuperación del deportista de competición. Kronos, 14(1). Recuperado de http://g-se.com/es/psicologia-del-deporte/articulos/el-papel-del-perfl-resiliente-y-las-estrategias-de-afrontamiento-sobre-el-estres-recuperacion-del-deportista-decompeticion-1807
  • 17. Gaspar, T., Ribeiro, J. L. P., Matos, M. G., Leal, I., y Ferreira A. (2009). Optimismo em crianças e adolescentes: adaptação e validação do LOT-R. Psicologia Refexão e Crítica, 22 (3), 439-446.
  • 18. González-Boto, R., Salguero, A., Tuero, C., GonzálezGallego, J., y Márquez, S. (2008). Monitoring the efects of training load changes on stress and recovery in swimmers. Journal of physiology and biochemistry, 64(1), 19-26. doi: 10.1007/BF03168231
  • 19. González-Boto, R., Salguero, A., Tuero, C., Márquez, S., y Kellmann, M. (2008). Spanish adaptation and analysis by structural equation modeling of an instrument for monitoring overtraining: the recoverystress questionnaire (RESTQ-Sport). Social Behavior and Personality, 36(5), 635-650. doi: 10.2224/sbp.2008.36.5.635
  • 20. González-Boto, R., Salguero, A., Tuero, C., y Márquez, S. (2009). Validez concurrente de la versión española del Cuestionario de Recuperación-Estrés para Deportistas (RESTQ-Sport). Revista de Psicología del Deporte, 18, 53-72.
  • 21. Gould, D., Diefenbach, K., y Mofett, A. (2002). Psychological characteristics and their development in Olimpic champions. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 14(3), 172- 204.
  • 22. Gustafsson, H., y Skoog, T. (2012). Te mediational role of perceived stress in the relation between optimism and burnout in competitive athletes. Anxiety, Stress and Coping, 25(2), 183-199. doi: 10.1080/10615806.2011.594045
  • 23. Hair, J. F., Anderson, R. E., Tatham, R. L., y Black, W. C. (1998). Multivariate Data Analysis. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
  • 24. Henderson, Z. (2016). Peaking and tapering in endurance athletes: a review. Te Post: Lakehead University’s Undergraduate Research Journal, 1(1), 1-29. Recuperado de https://post.lakeheadu.ca/article/view/1437
  • 25. Hellard, P., Avalos, M., Hausswirth, C., Pyne, D., Toussaint, J. F., y Mujika, I. (2013). Identifying optimal overload and taper in elite swimmers over time. Journal of Sport Science and Medicine, 12, 668- 678. Recuperado de http://www.jssm.org/abstresearchajssm-12-668. xml.xml
  • 26. Huberty, C. J. (2002). A history of efect sizes indices. Educational and Psychological measurement, 62, 227-240. doi: 10.1177/0013164402062002002
  • 27. Kellmann, M., y Kallus, K. W. (2001). Recovery-Stress Questionnaire for Athletes: usermanual. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
  • 28. Kellmann, M. (2010). Preventing overtraining in athletes in highintensity sports and stress/recovery monitoring. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports, 20(2), 95-102. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0838.2010.01192.x
  • 29. Lee, J. H., Nam, S. K., Kim, A., Kim, B., Lee, M. Y., y Lee, S. M. (2013). Resilience: A Meta‐Analytic Approach. Journal of Counseling and Development, 91(3), 269-279. doi: 10.1002/j.1556-6676.2013.00095.x
  • 30. Luden, N., Hayes, E., Galphin, A., Minchev, K., Jemiolo, B., Raue, U., ... Trappe, S. (2010). Myocellular basis for tapering in competitive distance runners. Journal of Applied Physiology, 108, 1501-1509. doi: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00045.2010
  • 31. Luthar, S. S., Cicchetti, D., y Becker, B. (2000). Te construct of resilience: A critical evaluation and guidelines for futures work. Child Development, 71, 543–562. doi: 10.1111/1467-8624.00164
  • 32. Márquez, S. (2004). Ansiedad, estrés y deporte. Madrid: EOS.
  • 33. Meggs, J., Golby, J., Mallett, C. J., Gucciardi, D. F., y Polman, R. C. J. (2016). Te cortisol awakening response and resilience in elite swimmers. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 37(2), 169-174. doi: 10.1055/s-0035-1559773
  • 34. Mujika, I., y Padilla, D. (2000). Detraining: loss of training-induced physiological and performance adaptations, Part I. Sports Medicine,
  • 30(2), 79-87. doi:10.2165/00007256-200030020-00002
  • 35. Mujika, I., Padilla, S., y Pyne, D. (2002). Swimming performance changes during the fnal 3 weeks of training leading to the Sydney 2000 Olympic Games. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 23(08), 582-587. doi: 10.1055/s-2002-35526
  • 36. Mujika, I., y Padilla, S. (2003). Scientifc bases for precompetition tapering strategies. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 35(7), 1182-1187. doi: 10.1249/01.MSS.0000074448.73931.11
  • 37. Nicolas, M., Vacher, P., Martinent, G., y Mourot, L. (2016). Monitoring stress and recovery states: Structural and external stages of the short version of the RESTQ sport in elite swimmers before championships. Journal of Sport and Health Science, 1-12. doi: 10.1016/j.jshs.2016.03.007
  • 38. Nogueira, F. C. A., Nogueira, R. A., Miloski, B., Cordeiro, A. H. O., Werneck, F. Z., y Bara-Filho, M. (2015). Infuence of training loads on performance and recovery in swimmers. Revista da Educação Física/ UEM, 26(2), 267-278. doi: 10.4025/reveducfs.v26i2.23120
  • 39. Ortín, F. J., Garcés, E. J., Gosálvez, J., Ortega, E., y Olmedilla, A. (2011). Optimismo y ejecución en el deporte en situaciones adversas. Replicando a Seligman 1990. Revista de Psicología del Deporte, 20(2), 1-11. 40. Otero-López, J. M., Luengo, A., Romero, E. Gómez, J. A., y Castro, C. (1998). Psicología de personalidad. Manual de prácticas. Barcelona: Ariel Practicum.
  • 41. Psycharakis, S. G. (2011). A longitudinal analysis on the validity and reliability of ratings of perceived exertion for elite swimmers. Te Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 25(2), 420-426. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181bf58c
  • 42. Reche, C., Tutte, V., y Ortín, F. J. (2014). Resiliencia, optimismo y burnout en judokas de competición uruguayos. Revista Iberoamericana de Psicología del Ejercicio y el Deporte, 9(2), 267-279.
  • 43. Ruiz, R., De la Vega, R., Poveda, J., Rosado, A., y Serpa, S. (2012). Análisis psicométrico de la Escala de Resiliencia en el deporte del fútbol. Revista de Psicología del Deporte, 21(1), 143-151.
  • 44. Sáenz-López, P., Mateos, J. L., Almagro, B. J., y Conde, C. (2017). Apoyo a la autonomía, creencias implícitas de habilidad y metas de logro en jugadoras de baloncesto en formación. Cuadernos de Psicología del Deporte, 17(3), 199-206.
  • 45. Saw, A. E., Main. L. C., y Gastin, P. B. (2016). Monitoring the athlete training response: subjective self-reported measures trump commonly used objective measures: a systematic review. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 50(5), 281-291. doi:10.1136/bjsports-2015-094758
  • 46. Scheier, M. F., y Carver, C. S. (1985). Optimism, Coping, and Health: Assessment and Implication of Generalized Outcome Expectancies. Health Psychology, 4, 219-247. doi: 10.1037/0278-6133.4.3.219
  • 47. Scheier, M .F., Carver, C. S., y Bridges, M. W. (1994). Distinguishing optimism from neuroticism (and trait anxiety, self-mastery and self-steem): a reevaluation of Life Orientation Test. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 67, 1063-1078. doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.67.6.1063
  • 48. Schou, I., Ekeberg, O., Ruland, C. M., Sandwik, L., y Karesen, R. (2004). Pessimism as a predictor of emotional morbidity one year following breast cancer surgery. Psycho-oncology, 13, 309-320. doi: 10.1002/pon.747
  • 49. Tutte, V., y Reche, C. (2016). Burnout, resiliencia y optimismo en el hockey sobre hierba femenino. Cuadernos de Psicología del Deporte, 16(3), 73-78.
  • 50. Toubekis, A. G., Drosou, E., Gourgoulis, V., Tomaidis, S., Douda, H., y Tokmakidis, S. P. (2013). Competitive performance, training load and physiological responses during tapering in young swimmers. Journal of Human Kinetics, 38, 125-134. doi: 10.2478/hukin-2013-0052
  • 51. Wagnild, G., y Young, H. (1993). Development and psychometric evaluation of the Resilience Scale. Journal of Nursing Measurement, 1(2), 165-178.
  • 52. Wallace, L. K., Slattery, K. M., y Coutts, A. J. (2009). Te ecological validity and application of the session-RPE method for quantifying training loads in swimming. Te Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 23 (1), 33-38. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181874512
  • 53. Weineck, J. (2005). Entrenamiento total. Barcelona: Paidotribo.
Data source: Dialnet