Procesos biológicos para el tratamiento de lactosuero con producción de biogás e hidrógeno. Revisión bibliográfica

  1. Fernández Rodríguez, Camino 1
  2. Martínez Torres, Elia Judith 1
  3. Morán Palao, Antonio 1
  4. Gómez Barrios, Xiomar 1
  1. 1 Universidad de León
    info

    Universidad de León

    León, España

    ROR https://ror.org/02tzt0b78

Revista:
Revista ION: Investigación, Optimización y Nuevos Procesos en Ingeniería

ISSN: 2145-8480,  0120-100X

Any de publicació: 2016

Títol de l'exemplar: Revista ION

Volum: 29

Número: 1

Pàgines: 47-62

Tipus: Article

DOI: 10.18273/REVION.V29N1-2016004 DIALNET GOOGLE SCHOLAR lock_openAccés obert editor

Altres publicacions en: Revista ION: Investigación, Optimización y Nuevos Procesos en Ingeniería

Objectius de Desenvolupament Sostenible

Resum

La industria láctea se caracteriza por generar lactosuero como subproducto del proceso de elaboración del queso. El lactosuero presenta un elevado contenido en materia orgánica en forma de lactosa, proteínas y otros compuestos procedentes de la leche. Su vertido incontrolado puede ocasionar problemas de contaminación con un grave impacto ambiental. Sin embargo, la recuperación de algunos componentes del lactosuero permite valorizar este subproducto, encontrando aplicación en la industria alimentaria, farmacéutica y recientemente en la conversión del lactosuero para la producción de biocombustibles. Actualmente, los biocombustibles son una fuente potencial de energía renovable con un papel importante como posibles sustitutos de los combustibles fósiles. Por este motivo, la opción de gestionar el lactosuero mediante una valorización energética ha adquirido gran interés durante los últimos años. Entre las alternativas disponibles de aprovechamiento energético, se encuentra la digestión anaerobia, la cual es una de las tecnologías más empleadas para el tratamiento de diverso tipo de residuos. En el caso del lactosuero, se han desarrollado múltiples trabajos en los que se han utilizado diferentes configuraciones y condiciones de operación con el objetivo de mejorar el funcionamiento del proceso. Gracias a estos trabajos se han podido identificar algunos de los factores que limitan su aplicación como son: la tendencia a la acidificación o la limitación de nutrientes. Por este motivo se han promovido otras alternativas como son los procesos de co-digestión con varios materiales o la fermentación oscura. El objetivo de este artículo es la realización de una revisión bibliográfica de los principales trabajos realizados en los que se contemplan los procesos biológicos anteriormente mencionados. Se presentan los resultados más relevantes, así como la influencia de las condiciones de operación y los factores que afectan a la producción de biogás.

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