Influencia del Perfil Resiliente, Optimismo Disposicional, Estrategias de Afrontamiento y Carga de Entrenamiento en los Niveles de Estrés-Recuperación en Nadadores

  1. Aranzana Juarros, Miguel 1
  2. Salguero del Valle, Alfonso 1
  3. Molinero González, Olga 1
  4. Zubiaur González, Marta 1
  5. De la Vega Marcos, Ricardo 2
  6. Ruiz Barquín, Roberto 2
  7. Márquez Rosa, Sara 1
  1. 1 Facultad de Ciencias de la Actividad Física y el Deporte, Universidad de León. Instituto de Biomedicina (IBIOMED). Universidad de León, León, España.
  2. 2 Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, España.
Aldizkaria:
Kronos: revista universitaria de la actividad física y el deporte

ISSN: 1579-5225

Argitalpen urtea: 2016

Alea: 15

Zenbakia: 1

Mota: Artikulua

Beste argitalpen batzuk: Kronos: revista universitaria de la actividad física y el deporte

Laburpena

The athlete’s ability to control perceived stress and to optimally recover of training loads may be mediated by a resilient profile and dispositional optimism, which influence the use of certain coping strategies before a particular sport event and performance. The sample consist of 51 swimmers (49% male and 51% female) aged between 14 and 20 years (Mean=14.67 ± 1.87). These athletes were assessed through two administrations, the first one at the beginning of the competitive period and the second one just after the most important competition of the season. Instruments used to perform the assessment were: RESTQ-Sport (Kellmann & Kallus, 2001; González-Boto, Salguero, Tuero, Márquez & Kellmann, 2008) to measure their stress-recovery levels; Resilience Scale (Wagnild & Young, 1998; Ruiz, De la Vega, Poveda, Rosado & Serpa, 2012) to determine the resilient profile; LOT-R (Scheier, Carver & Bridges, 1994; Otero-López, Luengo, Romero, Gómez & Castro, 1998) to observe dispositional optimism levels; ISCCS (Gaudreau & Blondin, 2002) for coping strategies and the Borg CR-10 scale (Borg, 1998). Results showed that medium-high resilient profile and a dispositional optimism, attached to task-oriented coping, would improve the balance of stress-recovery levels.

Finantzaketari buruzko informazioa

Ayudas para la realización de proyectos de investigación deportiva Escuela de Estudios Universitarios Real Madrid – Universidad Europea de Madrid. Año: 2014-2015.

Finantzatzaile

Erreferentzia bibliografikoak

  • Borg, G. (1998). Borg’s Perceived Exertion and Pain Scales. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
  • Campbell-Sills, L., Forde, D. R., y Stein, M. B. (2009). Demographic and childhood environmental predictors of resilience in a community sample. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 43, 1007–1012.
  • Carver, C. S. y Scheier, M. F. (1994). Situational coping dispositions in a stressful transaction. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 66(1), 184-195.
  • Cervantes, J. C., Florit, D., Parrado, E., Rodas, G., y Capdevila, L. (2009). Evaluación fisiológica y cognitiva del proceso de estrés recuperación en la preparación pre-olímpica de deportistas de elite. Cultura, Ciencia y Deporte, 4(11), 111-117.
  • Chico, E. (2002). Optimismo disposicional como predictor de estrategias de afrontamiento. Psicothema, 14(3), 544-550.
  • Connor, K. M. y Davidson, J. R. (2003). Development of a new resilience scale: the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC). Depress Anxiety, 18(2), 76-82.
  • Crocker, P. R. E. y Isaak, K. (1997). Coping during competitions and training sessions: Are youth swimmers consistent. International Journal of Sport Psychology, 28, 355-369.
  • Davidson, J. R. T., Payne, V. M., Connor, K. M., Foa, E. B., Rothbaum, B. O., Hertzberg, M. A., y Weisler, R. H. (2005). Trauma, resilience and saliostasis: Effects of treatment in post-traumatic stress disorder. International Clinical Psychopharmacology, 20, 43–48.
  • Fletcher, D. y Sarkar, M. (2012). A grounded theory of psychological resilience in Olympic champions. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 13, 669-678.
  • Foster, C, Florhaug, J. A., Franklin, J. et al., (2001). A new approach to monitoring exercise training. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 15, 109–115.
  • Galli, N. y Vealey, R. S. (2008). “Bouncing back” from adversity: Athletes’ experiences of resilience. The Sport Psychologist, 22, 316-335.
  • García, X., Salguero, A., Molinero, O., De la Vega, M., Ruiz, R. y Márquez, S. (2015). El papel del perfil resiliente y las estrategias de afrontamiento sobre el estrés-recuperación del deportista de competición. Kronos, 14(1).
  • Gaudreau, P. y Blondin, J. P. (2002). Development of a questionnaire for the assessment of coping strategies employed by athletes in competitive sport settings. Psychology of Sport and Exercise 3, 1-34.
  • Gaudreau, P. y Blodin, J. P. (2004). Different athletes coping differently during sport competition: a cluster analysis of coping. Personality and Individual Differences, 36, 1865-1877.
  • González-Boto, R., Tuero, C. y Márquez, S. (2006a). El sobreentrenamiento en el deporte de competición: implicaciones psicológicas del desequilibrio entre estrés y recuperación. Ansiedad y Estrés, 12, 99-115.
  • González-Boto, R., Molinero, O., Martínez-García, R., Andrade, A. D. y Márquez, S. (2006b). La adaptación en el deporte y su relación con el sobreentrenamiento. Cuadernos de psicología del deporte, 6(1), 81-98.
  • González-Boto, R., Salguero, A., Tuero, C., Márquez, S. y Kellmann, M. (2008). Spanish adaptation and analysis by structural equation modeling of an instrument for monitoring overtraining: the recovery-stress questionnaire (RESTQ-SPORT). Social Behavior and Personality, 36 (5), 635-650.
  • Gordon, R. A. (2008). Attributional style and athletic performance: Strategic optimism and defensive pessimism. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 9(3), 336-350.
  • Jurimae, J., Maestu, J., Purge, P. y Jurimae, T. (2004). Changes in stress and recovery after heavy training in rowers. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 7, 335-339.
  • Kellmann, M. y Kallus, K. W. (2001). Recovery-Stress Questionnaire for Athletes: user manual. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics. Kellmann, M. (2010). Preventing overtraining in athletes in high-intensity sports and stress/recovery monitoring. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports, 20(2), 95-102.
  • Lambert M. I. y Borresen J. (2010). Measuring Training Load in Sport. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 5, 406-411.
  • Lee, H. S., Brown, S. L., Mitchell, M. M., y Schiraldi, G. R. (2008). Correlates of resilience in the face of adversity for Korean women immigrating to the US. Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health, 10, 415–422.
  • Lee, J. H., Nam, S. K., Kim, A., Kim, B., Lee, M. Y., y Lee, S. M. (2013). Resilience: A Meta‐Analytic Approach. Journal of Counseling & Development, 91(3), 269-279.
  • Molinero, O., Salguero, A. y Márquez, S. (2010). Propiedades psicométricas y estructura dimensional de la adaptación española del Cuestionario de Estrategias de Afrontamiento en Competición Deportiva. Psicothema, 22(4), 975-982.
  • Molinero, O., Salguero, A. y Márquez, S. (2012). Estrés-recuperación en deportistas y su relación con los estados de ánimo y las estrategias de afrontamiento. Revista de Psicología del Deporte, 21(1), 163-170.
  • Nagle, Jacquelyn A., (2011). The Influence of Training Load on Performance and Psychological Variables in Female Collegiate Swimmers. Electronic Theses & Dissertations. Paper 114.
  • O’Connor, P.J. (2007). Monitoring and tirating symptoms: A science based approach to using your brain to optimise marathon running performance. Sports Medicine, 37(4-5), 408-411.
  • Otero-López, J.M., Luengo, A., Romero, E. Gómez, J.A. y Castro, C. (1998). Psicología de personalidad. Manual de prácticas. Barcelona: Ariel Practicum.
  • Psycharakis, S. G. (2011). A longitudinal analysis on the validity and reliability of ratings of perceived exertion for elite swimmers. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 25(2), 420-426.
  • Ruiz, R., de la Vega, R., Poveda, J., Rosado, A. y Serpa, S. (2012). Análisis psicométrico de la Escala de Resiliencia en el deporte del fútbol. Revista de Psicología del Deporte, 21(1), 143-151.
  • Scheier, M. F., Carver, C. y Bridges M. W. (1994). Distinguishing optimism from neuroticism (and trait anxiety, self-mastery, and self esteem): A reevaluation of the Life Orientation Test. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 67, 1063-1078.
  • Scheier, M. F. y Carver, C. S. (2003). Goals and confidence as self-regulatory elements underlying health and illness behavior. En L. D. Cameron y H. Leventhal (Eds.), The self-regulation of health and illness behavior, (pp. 17-41). London, UK: Routledge.
  • Seligman, M. E. P., Nolen-Hoeksema, S., Thornton, N. y Thornton, K. M. (1990). Explanatory style as a mechanism of disappointing athletic performance. Psychological Science, 1, 143-146.
  • Wagnild, G. y Young, H. (1990). Resilience among older women. Journal of Nursing Scholarship, 22(4), 252-255.
  • Wagnild, G., y Young, H. (1993). Development and psychometric evaluation of the Resilience Scale. Journal of Nursing Measurement, 1(2), 165-178.
  • Wallace, L. K., Slattery, K. M. y Coutts, A. J. (2009). The ecological validity and application of the session-RPE method for quantifying training loads in swimming. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 23(1), 33-38.
  • Yoo, J. (2001). Coping profile of Korean competitive athletes. International Journal of Sport Psychology, 32(3), 290-303.