El papel del perfil resiliente y las estrategias de afrontamiento sobre el estrés-recuperación del deportista de competición

  1. Xabel García Secades 1
  2. Alfonso Salguero del Valle 1
  3. Olga Molinero González 1
  4. Ricardo De la Vega Marcos 2
  5. Roberto Ruiz Barquín 2
  6. Sara Márquez Rosa 1
  1. 1 Universidad de León, España
  2. 2 Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, España
Revista:
Kronos: revista universitaria de la actividad física y el deporte

ISSN: 1579-5225

Año de publicación: 2015

Volumen: 14

Número: 1

Tipo: Artículo

Otras publicaciones en: Kronos: revista universitaria de la actividad física y el deporte

Resumen

The perception of high stress, associated with negative and maladaptive athlete’s states, could be mediated by factors which belonging to the construct of resilient personality and dispositional optimism, which in turn may influence the type of coping strategies employed to deal to continuous stress. The aim of this study was to analyze how it affects the resilient profile, coping strategies and optimism in the recovery-stress levels of the competitive athlete. Participants were 235 competitive athletes, aged between 15 and 35 years (M age = 20.74 years, SD = 4.30) who practice different sports. They were evaluated on two occasions coinciding with the beginning of the last competitive mesocycle and the moment after the most important competition of the season. We measured, within Spanish versions, their recovery-stress levels (RESTQ-Sport, Kellmann and Kallus, 2001), resilient profile (Resilience Scale, Wagnild and Young, 1993) and coping strategies (ISCCS, Gaudreau and Blondin, 2002). Higher levels of resilience relate positively on recovery-stress processes.

Referencias bibliográficas

  • 1. Anshel, M. H., Porter, A. y Quek, J. (1998). Coping with acute stress in sport as a function of gender: An exploratory study. Journal of Sport Behavior, 21, 363-376.
  • 2. Campen, C. y Roberts, D. C. (2001). Coping strategies of runners: Perceived effectiveness and match to precompetitive anxiety. Journal of Sport Behavior, 24, 144-161.
  • 3. Cejuela, R. y Esteve-Lanao, J. (2011). Training load quantification in triathlon. Journal of Human Sport and Exercise, 6(2), 218-232.
  • 4. Connor, K. M. y Davidson, J. R. (2003). Development of a new resilience scale: the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC). Depress Anxiety, 18(2), 76-82.
  • 5. Crocker, P. R. E. y Isaak, K. (1997). Coping during competitions and training sessions: Are youth swimmers consistent. International Journal of Sport Psychology, 28, 355-369.
  • 6. Do Valle, M. P. (2008). Coaching e resiliência: intervençoes possíveis para pressoes e medos de ginastas e esgrimistas. Revista Brasileira de Psicologia do Esporte, 1(1),1-17.
  • 7. Foster, C., Flouhaug, J. A., Franklin, J., Gottschall, L., Hrovatin, L., Parker, S., Doleshal, P. y Dodge, C. (2001). A new approach to monitoring exercise training. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 18, 109-115.
  • 8. Gaudreau, P. y Blondin, J. P. (2002). Development of a questionnaire for the assesment of coping strategies employed by athletes in competitive sport settings. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 3, 1-34.
  • 9. González-Boto, R., Salguero, A., Tuero, C. y Márquez, S. (2009). Validez concurrente de la versión española del Cuestionario de Recuperación-Estrés para Deportistas (RESTQ-Sport). Revista de Psicología del Deporte, 18, 53-72.
  • 10. González-Boto, R., Salguero, A., Tuero, C., Márquez, S. y Kellmann, M. (2008). Spanish adaptation and analysis by structural equation modeling of an instrument for monitoring overtraining: the recovery-stress questionnaire (RESTQ-SPORT). Social Behavior and Personality, 36(5), 635-650.
  • 11. González-Boto, R., Tuero, C. y Márquez, S. (2006). El sobreentrenamiento en el deporte de competición: implicaciones psicológicas del desequilibrio entre estrés y recuperación. Ansiedad y Estrés, 12, 99-115.
  • 12. Goyen, M. J. y Anshel, M. H. (1998). Sources of acute competitive stress and use opf coping strategies as function of age and gender. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 19, 469-486.
  • 13. Hammermeister, J. y Burton, D. (2004). Gender differences in coping with endurance sport stress: Are men from Mars and women from Venus? Journal of Sport Behavior, 27, 148-164.
  • 14. Holt, N. L. y Dunn, J. G. H. (2004). Toward a grounded theory of the psychosocial competencies and environmental conditions associated with soccer success. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 16, 199-219.
  • 15. Hosseini, S. A. y Besharat, M. A. (2010). Relation of resilience whit sport achievement and mental health in a sample of athletes. Procedia Social and Behavioral Sciences, 5, 633-638.
  • 16. Kellmann, M. y Kallus, K. W. (2001). Recovery-Stress Questionnaire for Athletes: user manual. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
  • 17. Kellmann, M., Kallus, K.W., Steinacker, J. y Lormes, W. (1997). Monitoring Stress and Recovery During the Training Camp for the Junior World Championships in Rowing. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 8, Supplement, S114.
  • 18. Lee, J. H., Nam, S. K., Kim, A y Kim, B. (2013). Resilience: A Meta-Analitic Approach. Journal of Counseling and Development, 29, 269-279.
  • 19. Luthar, S. S. y Cicchetti, D. (2000). The construct of resilience: Implications for interventions and social policies. Development and Psychopathology, 12, 857-885.
  • 20. Márquez, S. (2006). Estrategias de afrontamiento del estrés en el ámbito deportivo: fundamentos teóricos e instrumentos de evaluación. International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology, 6(2), 359-378.
  • 21. Martin-Krumm, C. P., Sarrazin, P. G., Peterson, C. y Famose, J. P. (2003). Explanatory style and resilience after sport failure. Personality and Individual Differences, 35(5), 1685-1695.
  • 22. McLeod, S. L., Kirkby, R. J. y Madden, C. C. (1994). Coping in basketball: differences according to ability and gender. European Journal for High Ability, 5(2), 191-198.
  • 23. Molinero, O. (2009). Validación del cuestionario de estrategias de afrontamiento en competición deportiva para la población española e identificación de las estrategias de afrontamiento en deportes de contacto. Tesis Doctoral. León: Departamento de Educación Física y Deportiva. Universidad de León.
  • 24. Molinero, O., Salguero, A. y Márquez, S. (2012). Estrés-recuperación en deportistas y su relación con los estados de ánimo y las estrategias de afrontamiento. Revista de Psicología del Deporte, 21(1), 163-170.
  • 25. Nicholls, A. R. y Polman, R. C. J. (2007). Coping in Sport: A sistematic review. Journal of Sports Sciences, 25(1), 11-31.
  • 26. Nicholls, A. R., Polman, R. C. J., Levy, A. R., Taylor, J. y Cobley, S. (2007). Stressors and coping effectiveness: gender, type of sport and skill differences. Journal of Sports Sciences, 25(13), 1521-1530.
  • 27. Philippe, R. A., Seiler, R. y Mengisen, W. (2004). Relationships of coping styles with type of sport. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 98, 479-486.
  • 28. Reeves, C. W., Nicholls, A. R. y McKenna, J. (2011). The effects of a coping intervention on coping self-efficacy, coping effectiveness, and subjective performance among adolescent soccer players. International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 9, 126-142.
  • 29. Ruiz, R., de la Vega, R., Poveda, J., Rosado, A. y Serpa, S. (2012). Análisis psicométrico de la Escala de Resiliencia en el deporte del fútbol. Revista de Psicología del Deporte, 21(1), 143-151.
  • 30. Sánchez-López, M. P., Cuéllar-Flores, I., Sánchez-Herrero, S. y Aparicio, M. (2009). Personality styles and health in female home caregivers. Preliminary data. En Scholl and Health (Ed.), (pp. 289-295). Brno: MSD, s.r.o.
  • 31. Sellers, R. M. (1995). Situational differences in the coping processesof student-athletes. Anxiety, Stress and Coping, 8, 325-336.
  • 32. Tamres, L. K., Janicki, D. y Helgeson, V. S. (2002). Sex differences in coping behavior: A meta-analytic review and an examination of relative coping. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 6, 2-30.
  • 33. Valcarce, E. (2011). Niveles de estrés-recuperación en deportistas varones de la provincia de León a través del cuestionario RESTQ-76. Cuadernos de Psicología del Deporte, 11(2), 7-24.
  • 34. Vigário, I., Serpa, S. y Rosado, A. (2009). Tradução e adaptação da Escala de Resiliência para a população portuguesa. Universidade Técnica de Lisboa. Facultade de Motricidad Humana. Pendiente de publicación.
  • 35. Wagnild, G. y Young, H. (1993). Development and psychometric evaluation of the Resilience Scale. Journal of Nursing Measurement, 1(2), 165-178.
  • 36. Weissensteiner, J. R., Abernethy, B. y Farrow, D. (2009). Towards the development of a conceptual model of batting expertise in cricket: A grounded theory approach. Journal of Applied Psychology, 21(3), 276-292.
  • 37. Yoo, J. (2001). Coping profile of Korean competitive athletes. International Journal of Sport Psychology, 32, 290-303.