Mapping method for the integrated analysis of gentrification and touristificationthe case of Málaga (Spain)

  1. Castro Noblejas, Hugo 1
  2. Sortino Barrionuevo, Juan Francisco 1
  3. Orellana Macías, José María 1
  1. 1 Universidad de Málaga
    info

    Universidad de Málaga

    Málaga, España

    ROR https://ror.org/036b2ww28

Journal:
Cuadernos geográficos de la Universidad de Granada

ISSN: 0210-5462 2340-0129

Year of publication: 2023

Volume: 62

Issue: 1

Pages: 109-129

Type: Article

DOI: 10.30827/CUADGEO.V62I1.26124 DIALNET GOOGLE SCHOLAR lock_openDialnet editor

More publications in: Cuadernos geográficos de la Universidad de Granada

Abstract

Since the 1960s, the productive model of Málaga has been pointed toward tourism. The redevelopment of the historic centre of the city and the increasing specialization of some areas in services linked to tourism have created several negative consequences on the habitability and the identity of those areas. This work aims at developing a methodology that allows measuring, individually, the spatial influence and intensity of gentrification and touristification. The final goal is join together both urban processes in a map, also including the evolution of their variables over time. The method allows delimiting areas where both processes overlap. The results show a strong gentrification and touristification in the historic centre of Málaga, also observed along the main road axis and the coastline. In addition, touristification is higher in the areas adjacent to the historic centre whereas gentrification is observed in squares with special architectural characteristics.

Bibliographic References

  • Aeropuertos Españoles y Navegación Aérea [AENA] (2019): Malaga-Costa del Sol Airport 2019. http://www.aena.es/csee/ccurl/373/338/Malaga-Costa-del-Sol- Airport-2019-web.pdf, 30/9/2020, Madrid, Airport Marketing Team.
  • Aeropuertos Españoles y Navegación Aérea [AENA] (2020): Estadísticas de tráfico aéreo. http://www.aena.es/csee/Satellite?pagename=Estadisticas/Home, 30/9/2020, Madrid, Departamento de Estadística.
  • Almeida-García, F., Cortés-Macías, R., & Parzych, K. (2021). Tourism Impacts, Tourism-Phobia and Gentrification in Historic Centers: The Cases of Málaga (Spain) and Gdansk (Poland). Sustainability, 13(1), 408. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13010408
  • Ayuntamiento de Málaga (2020). Museos. http://www.malagaturismo.com/es/secciones/ciudad-de-museos/17, 30/9/2020, Málaga, Área de Turismo.
  • Barata-Salgueiro, T., Mendes, L., & Guimarães, P. (2017). Tourism and urban changes: lessons from Lisbon. In Tourism and gentrification in contemporary metropolises (pp. 255-275). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315629759
  • Brenner, N. (2009). Urban governance and the production of new state spaces in Western Europe, 1960–2000. In The disoriented state: Shifts in governmentality, territoriality and governance (pp. 41-77). Springer.
  • Brewer, C. A. (1994). Color use guidelines for mapping. Visualization in modern cartography, 1994, 123-148.
  • Brychtová, A., & Çöltekin, A. (2017). The effect of spatial distance on the discriminability of colors in maps. Cartography and Geographic Information Science, 44(3), 229-245. https://doi.org/10.1080/15230406.2016.1140074
  • Castro-Noblejas, H., Sortino-Barrionuevo, J. F., & Reyes-Corredera, S. (2022). Proceso de gentrificación de un espacio degradado convertido en escaparate cultural. El caso del Centro Histórico de Málaga. Revista de Estudios Andaluces, (43), 8-31. https://doi.org/10.12795/rea.2022.i43.01
  • Chamizo-Nieto, F.J., Nebot-Gómez de Salazar, N. & Rosa-Jiménez, C.J. (2020). Planificación participativa y turismo urbano: por una turistificación sin gentrificación. Un caso de estudio en la ciudad de Málaga. In TOURISCAPE2-Transversal Tourism and Landscape International Scientific Conference (pp. 179-193). UPCommons. Retrieved from https://upcommons.upc.edu/bitstream/handle/2117/334803/9788498808551.pdf?sequence=5&isAllowed=y
  • Clerval, A. (2011). The spatial dynamics of gentrification in Paris: a synthesis map. Cybergeo: European Journal of Geography. https://doi.org/10.4000/cybergeo.23745
  • Cocola-Gant, A. (2018). Tourism gentrification. In Handbook of gentrification studies. Edward Elgar Publishing. https://doi.org/10.4337/9781785361746
  • Cox, M. (27 de noviembre de 2018): Sobre Airbnb en Málaga. http://insideairbnb.com/malaga/, 28/05/2021, Málaga, Inside Airbnb: Adding data to the debate.
  • De la Calle-Vaquero, M. (2019). Turistificación de centros urbanos: clarificando el debate. Boletín de la Asociación de Geógrafos Españoles, (83), 1-40. https://doi.org/10.21138/bage.2829
  • De la Calle-Vaquero, M., García-Hernández, M., Mendoza-de Miguel, S., & Ferreiro-Calzada, E. (2020). In Search of Overtourism Indicators in Urban Centres. In Handbook of Research on the Impacts, Challenges, and Policy Responses to Overtourism (pp. 302-324). IGI Global. https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-2224-0.ch016
  • Deboosere, R., Kerrigan, D. J., Wachsmuth, D., & El-Geneidy, A. (2019). Location, location and professionalization: a multilevel hedonic analysis of Airbnb listing prices and revenue. Regional Studies, Regional Science, 6(1), 143-156. https://doi.org/10.1080/21681376.2019.1592699
  • Dirección General de Calidad, Innovación y Fomento del Turismo y Consejería de Turismo, Regeneración, Justicia y Administración Local. Junta de Andalucía, 2020. Análisis de las viviendas con fines turísticos en Andalucía. [online] Junta de Andalucía. Available at: [Accessed 3 June 2021].
  • García-Bujalance, S., Barrera-Fernández, D., & Scalici, M. (2019). Touristification in historic cities. Reflections on Malaga. Revista de Turismo Contemporâneo, 7(1), 93-115. https://doi.org/10.21680/2357-8211.2019v7n1ID16169
  • Gil, J., & Sequera, J. (2022). The professionalization of Airbnb in Madrid: Far from a collaborative economy. Current Issues in Tourism, 25(20), 3343-3362. https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2020.1757628
  • Gotham, K. F. (2005). Tourism gentrification: The case of new Orleans’ vieux carre (French Quarter). Urban studies, 42(7), 1099-1121. https://doi.org/10.1080%2F00420980500120881
  • Gravari-Barbas, M., & Guinand, S. (Eds.). (2017). Tourism and gentrification in contemporary metropolises: International perspectives. Taylor & Francis.
  • Gutiérrez, A., & Domènech, A. (2020). Understanding the spatiality of short-term rentals in Spain: Airbnb and the intensification of the commodification of housing. Geografisk Tidsskrift-Danish Journal of Geography, 120(2), 98-113. https://doi.org/10.1080/00167223.2020.1769492
  • Holm, A. (2013). Berlin’s gentrification mainstream. In M. Bernt, B. Grell, & A. Holm (Eds.), The Berlin reader: A compendium on urban change and activism (pp. 171–188). Transcript-Verlag.
  • Ioannides, D., Röslmaier, M., & Van Der Zee, E. (2019). Airbnb as an instigator of ‘tourism bubble’expansion in Utrecht’s Lombok neighbourhood. Tourism Geographies, 21(5), 822-840. https://doi.org/10.1080/14616688.2018.1454505
  • Janoschka, M., & Haas, H. (2013). Contested spatialities of lifestyle migration: approaches and research questions. In Contested spatialities, lifestyle migration and residential tourism (pp. 17-28). Routledge.
  • Janoschka, M., Sequera, J., & Salinas, L. (2014). Gentrification in Spain and Latin America—a Critical Dialogue. International journal of urban and regional research, 38(4), 1234-1265. https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-2427.12030
  • Jover, J., & Díaz-Parra, I. (2020). Gentrification, transnational gentrification and touristification in Seville, Spain. Urban Studies, 57(15), 3044-3059. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0042098019857585
  • López-Gay, A., Sales i Favà, J., Solana-Solana, M., Fernández, A., & Peralta, A. (2019). Midiendo los procesos de gentrificación en Barcelona y Madrid: una propuesta metodológica. In XIII CTV 2019 Proceedings: XIII International Conference on Virtual Cityand Territory:“Challenges and paradigms of the contemporary city”: UPC, Barcelona, October 2-4, 2019. Centre de Politica de Sol i Valoracions, CPSV/Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, UPC.
  • López-Padilla, M. D. (2020). Procesos actuales de turistificación en la ciudad de Málaga. Boletín de la Real Sociedad Geográfica, (CLV), 107-140. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6477-9269
  • López Rodríguez, D., & Llanos Matea Rosa, M. D. (2019). Evolución reciente del mercado del alquiler de vivienda en España. Boletín económico/Banco de España [Artículos], n. 3, 18 p. Retrieved from https://repositorio.bde.es/bitstream/123456789/9693/1/be1903-art25.pdf
  • Martori, J. C. & Hoberg, K. (2004). Indicadores cuantitativos de segregación residencial. El caso de la población inmigrante en Barcelona. Scripta Nova. Revista Electrónica de Geografía y Ciencias Sociales, 8, 169. Retrieved from http://www.ub.es/geocrit/sn/sn-169.htm
  • Mínguez, C., Piñeira, M. J., & Fernández-Tabales, A. (2019). Social vulnerability and touristification of historic centers. Sustainability, 11(16), 4478. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11164478
  • Observatorio de la Cultura (2009). Observatorio de la Cultura. Panel de expertos. Barómetro anual. Análisis de los resultados. https://www.fundacioncontemporanea.com/img/20100705_111345.pdf
  • Observatorio de Medio Ambiente Urbano [OMAU] (2018). Aproximación a las intensidades del uso turístico en Málaga: Proyecto Alter Eco de Turismo Sostenible. http://www.omau-malaga.com/base/descargas/home.asp?cod=7973
  • Ojeda, A. B., & Kieffer, M. (2020). Touristification. Empty concept or element of analysis in tourism geography?. Geoforum. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoforum.2020.06.021
  • Ou, L. C., Yuan, Y., Sato, T., Lee, W. Y., Szabó, F., Sueeprasan, S., & Huertas, R. (2018). Universal models of colour emotion and colour harmony. Color Research & Application, 43(5), 736-748. https://doi.org/10.1002/col.22243
  • Parralejo, J. J., & Díaz-Parra, I. (2021). Gentrification and Touristification in the Central Urban Areas of Seville and Cádiz. Urban Science, 5(2), 40. https://doi.org/10.3390/urbansci5020040
  • Preis, B., Janakiraman, A., Bob, A., & Steil, J. (2020). Mapping gentrification and displacement pressure: An exploration of four distinct methodologies. Urban Studies, 0042098020903011. https://doi.org/10.1177/0042098020903011
  • Ramos-Lizana, M. (2008). Málaga, ciudad de museos. Museo: Revista de la Asociación Profesional de Museólogos de España, (13), 217–253. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Manuel-Lizana-2/publication/267506248_Malaga_ciudad_de_museos/links/5450d8020cf249aa53dbe736/Malaga-ciudad-de-museos.pdf
  • Rein-Lorenzale, M. (2013). Informe sobre intervenciones urbanísticas y transformaciones físicas en el ámbito del PEPRI Centro (1994-2013): Contribución a la evaluación externa del proceso y actuaciones de rehabilitación integral del centro histórico de Málaga (1994-2013). http://www.programaseuropeos-malaga.com/subidas/archivos/arc_2486.pdf, 10/9/2020, Málaga, Servicio de Programas Europeos, Ayuntamiento de Málaga.
  • Rubio, A. (2003). Málaga, de ciudad a metrópolis. Málaga, España: Asociación Provincial de Constructores y Promotores de Málaga.
  • Sequera, J. & Nofre, J. (2018). Shaken, not stirred: New debates on touristification and the limits of gentrification. City, 22(5-6), 843-855. https://doi.org/10.1080/13604813.2018.1548819
  • Sequera, J. & Nofre, J. (2020). Touristification, transnational gentrification and urban change in Lisbon: The neighbourhood of Alfama. Urban Studies, 57(15), 3169-3189. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0042098019883734
  • Vázquez-de la Rosa, H. (2021). La transformación del Ensanche Heredia en Soho. Ciudades creativas, gentrificación y promoción cultural en Málaga. Arte y Políticas de Identidad, 25, 143-162. https://doi.org/10.6018/reapi.506311
  • Vollmer, L. (2019). Estrategias contra la gentrificación: Por una ciudad desde abajo (Trad. G. Facal). Pamplona, España: Katakrak Liburuak. (Obra original publicada en 2018).
  • Wachsmuth, D., Chaney, D., Kerrigan, D., Shillolo, A., & Basalaev-Binder, R. (2018). The high cost of short-term rentals in New York City. A report from the Urban Politics and Governance research group, School of Urban Planning, McGill University, 2, 2018. http://www.sharebetter.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/High-Cost-Short-Term-Rentals.pdf
  • Yonto, D., & Schuch, C. (2020). Developing and Ground-truthing Multi-scalar Approaches to Mapping Gentrification. Papers in Applied Geography, 6(4), 352-368. https://doi.org/10.1080/23754931.2020.1789499