ChatGPT ha llegado ¿Y ahora qué hacemos? La creatividad, nuestro último refugio

  1. Romo-Perez, Vicente 1
  2. Garcia-Soidan, Jose Luis 1
  3. Selman Özdemir, Ali 2
  4. Leiros-Rodriguez, Raquel 3
  1. 1 Universidade de Vigo
    info

    Universidade de Vigo

    Vigo, España

    ROR https://ror.org/05rdf8595

  2. 2 Istanbul Aydın University
    info

    Istanbul Aydın University

    Estambul, Turquía

    ROR https://ror.org/00qsyw664

  3. 3 Universidad de León
    info

    Universidad de León

    León, España

    ROR https://ror.org/02tzt0b78

Revista:
Revista de investigación en educación

ISSN: 1697-5200 2172-3427

Año de publicación: 2023

Volumen: 21

Número: 3

Páginas: 320-334

Tipo: Artículo

DOI: 10.35869/REINED.V21I3.4973 DIALNET GOOGLE SCHOLAR lock_openDialnet editor

Otras publicaciones en: Revista de investigación en educación

Resumen

La inteligencia artificial, y en concreto aplicaciones como ChatGPT, está provocando un cambio disruptivo que amenaza la “expertise” de las actividades profesionales de carácter técnico, científico e intelectual. La generalización y la facilidad de acceso a los sistemas de inteligencia artificial dejarán en la irrelevancia parte del conocimiento de profesionales que se han formado en la Universidad y que desarrollan su actividad profesional en campos tan dispares como la literatura, el derecho o la ingeniería. Por este motivo, las universidades deben adaptarse e integrar los sistemas de inteligencia artificial en el proceso de formación de los estudiantes, los sistemas de evaluación y en la actividad profesional de los docentes e investigadores. En este artículo, se analizan los cambios disruptivos que provocará la inteligencia artificial en la Universidad, tanto en la actividad docente como investigadora del profesorado. Se tendrán que reforzar los códigos de comportamiento ético para evitar su uso fraudulento. La visión que se da es optimista y llena de oportunidades. La inteligencia artificial, lejos de ser un problema, provocará que el pensamiento crítico o la capacidad de resolver problemas entre en otra dimensión. Las tareas tediosas, como redactar, calcular, dibujar y estructurar las realizará la inteligencia artificial y se podrá destinar la enorme capacidad cognitiva que tiene el ser humano a tareas relacionadas con la creatividad e innovación.

Referencias bibliográficas

  • Aguado, S. (2021). Evolución del medio gráfico en un proyecto de arquitectura: del dibujo a mano al CAD y el BIM. (Trabajo de Fin de Grado) Universidad Politécnica de Valencia). https://riunet.upv.es/bitstream/handle/10251/172218/Aguado%20-%20Evolucion%20del%20medio%20grafico%20en%20un%20proyecto%20de%20arquitectura%20del%20dibujo%20a%20mano%20al%20CAD%20y%20al....pdf?sequence=1
  • Boyd, R. y Holton, R.J. (2018). Technology, innovation, employment and power: Does robotics and artificial intelligence really mean social transformation? Journal of Sociology, 54(3), 331-345. https://doi.org/10.1177/144078331772659
  • Cambridge Assessment International Education. (2023). Preventing plagiarism - guidance for teachers. https://www.cambridgeinternational.org/support-and-training-for-schools/support-for-teachers/teaching-and-assessment/plagiarism/#online-response-generators
  • Chen, L., Chen, P. y Lin, Z. (2020). Artificial Intelligence in Education: a review. IEEE Access, 8, 75.264-75.278. https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2988510
  • Chomsky, N., Roberts, I. y Watumull, J. (8 de marzo de 2023). Noam Chomsky: The false promise of ChatGPT. The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2023/03/08/opinion/noam-chomsky-chatgpt-ai.html
  • Cooper, G. (2023). Examining Science Education in ChatGPT: An Exploratory Study of Generative Artificial Intelligence. Journal of Science Education and Technology, 32, 444-452. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10956-023-10039-y
  • Cope, B., Kalantzis, M. y Searsmith, D. (2021). Artificial intelligence for education: Knowledge and its assessment in AI-enabled learning ecologies. Educational Philosophy and Theory, 53(12), 1.229-1.245.https://doi.org/10.1080/00131857.2020.1728732
  • Dergaa, I., Chamari, K., Zmijewski, P. y Ben Saad, H. (2023). From human writing to artificial intelligence generated text: examining the prospects and potential threats of ChatGPT in academic writing. Biology of Sport, 40(2), 615-622. https://doi.org/10.5114/biolsport.2023.125623
  • DeVoe, S.E. (2019). The psychological consequence of thinking about time in terms of money. Current Opinion in Psychology, 26, 103-105.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copsyc.2018.12.018
  • Dixon, J., Hong, B. y Wu, L. (2021). The robot revolution: Managerial and employment consequences for firms. Management Science, 67(9), 5.586-5.605. https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2020.3812
  • Dwivedi, Y.K., Kshetri, N., Hughes, L., Slade, E., Jeyaraj, A., Kar, A. K., ...y Wright, R. (2023). Opinion paper: “So what if ChaTGPT wrote it?” Multidisciplinary perspectives on opportunities, challenges and implications of Generative Conversational AI for research, practice and policy. International Journal of Information Management, 71, 102642. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2023.102642
  • Eloundou, T., Manning, S., Mishkin, P. y Rock, D. (2023). GPTs are GPTs: An Early Look at the Labor Market Impact Potential of Large Language Models. arXiv preprint arXiv:2303.10130, Working Paper.
  • Fergus, S., Botha, M. y Ostovar, M. (2023). Evaluating Academic Answers Generated Using ChatGPT. Journal Chemical Education, 100(4), 1.672-1.675. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jchemed.3c00087 Flores-Vivar, J.M. y García-Peñalvo, F. J. (2023). Reflections on the ethics, potential, and challenges of artifi-cial intelligence in the framework of quality education (SDG4). Comunicar, 31(74), 37-47.https://doi.org/10.3916/C74-2023-03
  • Fortes, P.R., Baquero, P.M. y Amariles, D.R. (2022). Artificial Intelligence Risks and Algorithmic Regulation. European Journal of Risk Regulation, 13(3), 357-372. https://doi.org/10.1017/err.2022.14
  • Fournier-Tombs, E. (2021). Towards a United Nations internal regulation for artificial intelligence. Big Data & Society, 8(2). https://doi.org/10.1177/20539517211039493
  • Future of Life Institute. Pause Giant AI Experiments: An Open Letter. Available from: https://futureoflife.org/open-letter/pause-giant-ai-experiments/ [Último acceso: 7 de abril de 2023]
  • García-Penalvo, F.J. (2023). The perception of Artificial Intelligence in educational contexts after the launch of ChatGPT: Disruption or Panic? Education in the Knowledge Society, 24, e31279. https://doi.org/10.14201/eks.31279
  • Gates, B. (10 de junio de 2023). The Age of AI has begun. Gates Notes. https://www.gatesnotes.com/The-Age-of-AI-Has-Begun
  • Gehry, F., Lloyd, M. y Shelden, D. (2020). Empowering design: Gehry partners, Gehry technologies and architect‐led industry change. Architectural Design, 90(2), 14-23. https://doi.org/10.1002/ad.2542
  • Graglia, M. y Von Huelsen, P. (2020). The sixth wave of innovation: artificial intelligence and the impacts on employment. Journal on Innovation and Sustainability RISUS, 11(1), 3-17. https://doi.org/10.23925/2179-3565.2020v11i1p3-17
  • Harvard Business Publishing Education. (2023).ChatGPT and AI Text Generators: Should Academia Adapt or Resist. https://hbsp.harvard.edu/inspiring-minds/chatgpt-and-ai-text-generators-should-academia-adapt-or-resist
  • Howard, J. (2019). Artificial intelligence: Implications for the future of work. American Journal of Industrial Medicine, 62(11), 917-926.https://doi.org/10.1002/ajim.23037
  • King, M.R. (2023). The future of AI in medicine: a perspective from a Chatbot. Annals of Biomedical Engineering, 51(2), 291-295. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10439-022-03121-w
  • Kirschner, P.A., Sweller, J. y Clark, R.E. (2006). Why minimal guidance during instruction does not work: An analysis of the failure of constructivist, discovery, problem-based, experiential, and inquiry-based teaching. Educational Psychologist, 41(2), 75-86. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15326985ep4102_1
  • Lee, H. (2023). The rise of ChatGPT: Exploring its potential in medical education. Anatomical Sciences Education, 1-6. https://doi.org/10.1002/ase.2270
  • Ley de IA de la UE: primera normativa sobre inteligencia artificial | Noticias | Parlamento Europeo(2023). https://www.europarl.europa.eu/news/es/headlines/society/20230601STO93804/ley-de-ia-de-la-ue-primera-normativa-sobre-inteligencia-artificial
  • Lu, CH. (2022). Artificial intelligence and human jobs. Macroeconomic Dynamics, 26(5), 1.162-1.201. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1365100520000528
  • Martínez, R.R. (2004). criterios para seleccionar sistemas de diseño y manufactura asistidos por computadora (CAD/CAM). Información tecnológica, 15(2), 91-94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4067/S0718-07642004000200016
  • Morales-Chan, MA. (2023). Explorando el potencial de Chat GPT: Una clasificación de Prompts efectivos para la enseñanza. Universidad Galileo (Repositorio Institucional). http://biblioteca.galileo.edu/tesario/handle/123456789/1348
  • Mosch, L., Furstenau, D., Brandt, J., Wagnitz, J., Al Klopfenstein, S., Poncette, A.S. y Balzer, F. (2022). The medical profession transformed by artificial intelligence: Qualitative study. Digital Health, 8. https://doi.org/10.1177/20552076221143903
  • Narodowski, M. (2014). Infancia, pasado y nostalgia: cambios en la trasmisión intergeneracional. Revista Brasileira de História da Educação. 14(2), 192-214. http://dx.doi.org/10.4025/rbhe.v14i2.695
  • Nature, Editorials (24 de enero de 2023). Tools such as ChatGPT threaten transparent science; here are our ground rules for their use. Nature, 613(612), 10.1038. https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-023-00191-1
  • Riemer, K. y Johnston, R.B. (2019). Disruption as worldview change: A Kuhnian analysis of the digital music revolution. Journal of Information Technology, 34(4), 350-370.https://doi.org/10.1177/0268396219835101
  • Samuel, J. (2023). Response to the March 2023 «Pause Giant AI Experiments: An Open Letter» by Yoshua Bengio, signed by Stuart Russell, Elon Musk, Steve Wozniak, Yuval Noah Harari and others... Social Science Research Network. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4412516
  • Shank, C. (2021). Credibility of Soft Law for Artificial Intelligence-Planning and Stakeholder Considerations. IEEE Technology and Society Magazine, 40(4), 25-36. https://doi.org/10.1109/MTS.2021.3123737
  • Stanford faculty weigh in on ChatGPT’s shake-up in education. (2 de febrero de 2023). Stanford Graduate School of Education. https://ed.stanford.edu/news/stanford-faculty-weigh-new-ai-chatbot-s-shake-learning-and-teaching?sf173917744=1
  • Taylor, F.W. (1911). The Principle of Scientific Management. Harper & Brothers Publishers.
  • University of Cambridge. (2023). Plagiarism and Academic Misconduct. https://www.plagiarism.admin.cam.ac.uk
  • Wang, Y., Xiao, M., Xia, Z., Li, P., y Gao, L. (2023). From Computer-Aided Design (CAD) toward Human-Aided Design (HAD): An isogeometric Topology Optimization approach. Engineering, 22, 94-105. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eng.2022.07.013
  • Watt, P. (2020). Ford's metaphysics: On the Transcendental origins of Henry Ford's Fordism. Organization, 28(4), 577-603. https://doi.org/10.1177/13505084209105
  • Zhu, J.J., Jiang, J., Yang, M. y Ren, Z.J. (2023). ChatGPT and Environmental Research. Environmental Science & Technology. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.3c01818