Quimioterapia antineoplásica frente al cáncer de mama en mujeres embarazadasPrevención de Extravasaciones

  1. RAÚL DE LA PUENTE GARCÍA 1
  2. RAQUEL DÍEZ LÁIZ 1
  3. ANA Mª SAHAGÚN PRIETO 1
  4. Mª NÉLIDA FERNÁNDEZ MARTÍNEZ 1
  5. Mª JOSÉ DIEZ LIÉBANA 1
  6. MATILDE SIERRA VEGA 1
  7. JUAN JOSÉ GARCÍA VIÉITEZ 1
  8. CRISTINA LÓPEZ CADENAS 1
  9. SALVADOR POSTIGO MOTA coord. 2
  1. 1 Área de Farmacología. Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas. Campus Vegazana, Universidad de León.
  2. 2 Facultad de Medicina. Universidad de Extremadura.
Journal:
Revista ROL de enfermería

ISSN: 0210-5020

Year of publication: 2023

Issue Title: Abordaje y prevención de las lesiones cutáneas

Volume: 46

Issue: 5

Pages: 10-18

Type: Article

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More publications in: Revista ROL de enfermería

Abstract

Gestational cancer can be defined as cancer that occurs during pregnancy or within the first year after delivery. Among them, breast cancer occupies the first place in frequency with an increasing incidence that is situated at about 1 per 3.000 pregnant women. In pregnant women, the diagnosis of cancer represents a challenge in terms of clinical management, due to the need to guarantee maternal safety and ensure the state of pregnancy. This tends to be delayed and detected at later stages because the associated symptoms can be easily related to a normal pregnancy situation. Pregnant women diagnosed with cancer should be evaluated by a multidisciplinary tumor team, specialized in cancer during pregnancy. One of the treatments used to address breast cancer is antineoplastic chemotherapy, which must be administered in a hospital, taking into account different factors such as the general condition of the patient, possible previous diseases, the type, stage and location of the tumor, as well as the week of gestation in which the woman is. Treatment can be started from week 13-14 of gestation, the most widely used regimens to date are: 3-week cycles of FAC (5-fluorouracil, doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide), FEC (5-fluorouracil, epirubicin and cyclophosphamide), AC (doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide) and EC (epirubicin and cyclophosphamide) or weekly epirubicin as monotherapy. Likewise, the use of taxanes (paclitaxel as a single agent) stands out. The nurse is a fundamental pillar within the multidisciplinary team of tumors, specialized in breast cancer during pregnancy, who will care for and accompany the pregnant woman throughout the disease process. Breast cancer, and more in pregnant women, entails a series of changes in their lives that require different processes of physical, psychological and social adaptation. To facilitate adaptation to breast cancer, the team nurses must take into account all the factors that could affect the pregnant woman in this process and initiate the necessary interventions in early stages. Carrying out a complete nursing assessment favors the detection of real problems and helps prevent the appearance of possible complications. This assessment, together with a Nursing Care Plan in the integrated care process for breast cancer, will improve the quality of life and holistic care of pregnant cancer patients. Likewise, nurses play a very important role in the prevention and treatment of the possible adverse effects of oncological therapy, with extravasation being one of the most serious complications associated with the administration of these drugs, which can cause chronic and irreversible damage.

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