Trichoderma trichothecenes: beyond their toxic effect

1. Cardoza, Rosa E.
2. Alexander, Nancy J.
3. Proctor, Robert H.
4. McCormick, Susan P.
5. Lindo, Laura
6. Gutiérrez, Santiago

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DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-12-819453-9.00013-1 GOOGLE SCHOLAR lock_openAcceso abierto editor

Resumen

Trichothecenes are sesquiterpenoid toxins, whose production by Trichoderma species is restricted to few species belonging or closely related to the Brevicompactum clade. These species typically produce harzianum A (HA) or trichodermin. Most Trichoderma trichothecene biosynthetic (tri) genes are clustered and occur at multiple loci. However, Trichoderma species are unique in that tri5, which encodes a terpene synthase that catalyzes the first committed step in trichothecene biosynthesis, is not located near other tri genes. Trichoderma arundinaceum tri6 and tri10 homologs regulate expression of all other tri genes as well as genes involved in the biosynthesis of some other metabolites. Trichoderma trichothecenes have inhibitory activity against human tumor, plant, and fungal cells. In T. arundinaceum, HA production affects levels of ergosterol and also regulates expression of virulence genes and production of botrydial in the phytopathogenic fungus Botrytis cinerea. Together, recent findings on trichothecene production in Trichoderma have provided insight into how the toxins affect the physiology of the producers and the organisms with which they interact.