Entrenamiento de la fuerza muscular en supervivientes de cáncer de mamacapacidad de adaptación y efectos sobre la dismetría funcional y el linfedema

Resumen

In the literature can be found different studies aimed at identifying the effects physical exercise on breast cancer survivors (BCS), most of these studies are centered on aerobic training (AT) and some on resistance training (RT); they generally present a control group (CG) of women operated from breast cancer (BC) who did not develop any sort of training. For this reason, this study has a CG of healthy women with the aim of identifying the effects physical training has on affected and non-affected women from BC. The training program was developed with 34 women, a CG (n= 9 without BC) and one experimental group (GE, n= 25 SCM). Both groups were tested at the beginning of the study and after 14 weeks of intervention. It was measured the isometric hand grip strength, maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max), volume of the upper extremities, body composition, quality of life (QoL) and the maximum strength (MS) in chest press, pectoral contractor (unilateral and bilateral) and knee extension. The training frequency was 2 days a week including AT (30 minutes with moderate intensity) and RT on the muscle groups evaluated (3 series, 8 to 16 repetitions with an intensity from 30% to 45% of 1RM). MS augments considerably, getting results superior to 60% in chest press and 30% in knee extension; in the MS in pectoral contractor, the EG showed lower results in comparison to the CG; however, those differences disappear at the end of the training program; both groups get results superior to 85%. The asymmetry of muscle strength disappeared after of the training program in more than 76% of the women. With regard to the arm and forearm volume, there are not differences between the arm right and left, in either group, before or after the training; women who had lymphedema did not present significant changes in the volume of the affected arm. There were no changes in body composition, QoL and VO2max in ergospirometry arms. In conclusion, the RT does not produce inflammation on women who have lymphedema; conversely, it has favorable effects reflected on the functional asymmetry decrease and on the muscle strength increase. This strength gaining is presented on healthy women as well as those with BCS. The RT developed was safe for BCS.