Control de mastitis y producción de leche de alta calidad higio-sanitaria en el ganado ovino lechero de raza churra

  1. José Alfonso Tardáguila Morales 1
  2. Carlos Gonzalo Abascal 1
  1. 1 Universidad de León
    info

    Universidad de León

    León, España

    ROR https://ror.org/02tzt0b78

Revue:
Anales de la Real Academia de Ciencias Veterinarias de Andalucía Oriental

ISSN: 1130-2534

Année de publication: 1999

Volumen: 12

Pages: 103-186

Type: Article

D'autres publications dans: Anales de la Real Academia de Ciencias Veterinarias de Andalucía Oriental

Références bibliographiques

  • Adúriz, J.J., J.C. Marco, L. Romeo y F. Prieto. 1992. Tratamiento y profilaxis. En: Mamitis Ovina II. Ovisy 22: 9-25.
  • Ahmad G-, L.L. Timms y D.G. Morrical. 1992. Ovine Sublinical Mastitis: Efficacy of Dry Treatment as a Therapeutic and Prophylactic Measure. Sheep ResJ., 8(1): 30-33.
  • Albizu, I., J.R. Penadés, R. Baselga, B. Amorena y J.C. Marco. 1991. Incidencia de mamitis subclínica en ovejas de Rasa Aragonesa. Med. Veí., 8(12): 723-727.
  • Andrews, R.J., B.J. Kitchen, W.S. Kwee y F. Duncalfe. 1983. Relationship between individual cow somatic cell counts and the mastitis infection status of the udder. Austr. J. Dairy Technol.,3&:7\-14.
  • Baselga, R. e I. Albizu. 1996. Etiología de la mamitis subclínica en ovino lechero. Med. Vet., 13(2): 91-93.
  • Battisti, A., A.I: Bozzano, R. Colafrancesco, A. Fagiolo y P. Calderini. 1996. Staphylococcus aureus chronic mastitis ín goats: somatic cells count and systemic dry goat therapy with enrofloxacin. En: Somatic Cells and Milk of Small Ruminants, Wageningen Pers, Wageningen, The Netherlands: 99-102.
  • Bauer, A.W., W.M. Kirby, J.C. Sherris y M. Turk. 1966. Antibiotic susceptibility testing by a standardized single disk method. Am. J. Clin. Pathol, 45: 493-496.
  • Bergonier, D., F. Longo, G. Lagriffoul, P.J. Consalvi, A. Van de Wiele y X. Berthelot. 1996. Frequence et persistance des staphylocoques coagulase négative, au tarissement et relations avec les numérations cellulaires chez la brebis laitiére. En: Somatic Cells and Milk of Small Ruminants, Wageningen Pers, Wageningen, The Netherlands: 53-59.
  • Bergonier, D., X. Berthelot, M. Romeo, A. Contreras, V. Coni, E. de Santis, S. Rolesu, F. Barillet, G. Lagriffoul y J. Marco. 1998. Frequence des différents germes responsables de mammites cliníques et subcliniques chez les petits ruminants laitiers. VI Intern. Symp. on the Milking of Small Ruminants. Atenas, Grecia: en prensa.
  • Berthelot, X., D. Bergonier, A. Contreras, V. Coni, R. De Crémoux, E. de Santis, C. Gonzalo, G. Lagriffoul, J. Marco, C. Peris, S. Rolesu y M. Romeo. 1998. Programmes de controle des mammites subcliniques chez les petits ruminants laitiers. VI Intern. Symp. on the Milking of Small Ruminants. Atenas, Grecia: en prensa.
  • Boddie, R.L. y S.C. Nickerson. 1986. Dry cow therapy: effects of method of drug administration on ocurrence of intramammary infection. J. Dairy Sel, 69: 253-257.
  • Bodoh, G.W., W.J. Batista, L. H. Schultz y R.P. Johnston. 1975. Variation in somatic cell counts in dairy herd improvement samples. J. Dairy Sci., 59: 1119-1124.
  • Bor, A., M. Winklery E. Gootwine. 1989. Non-clinical intramammary infection in lactating ewes and its association with clinical mastitis. Br. Vet. J., 145: 178-184
  • Burriel, A.R. 1997. Resistance of coagulase-negative staphylococci isolated from sheep to various antimicrobial agents. Research in Veterinary Science, 63: 189-190.
  • Buswell, J.F. y G.H. Yeoman. 1976. Mastitis in dry ewes. Vet. Rec.y 99: 221-222.
  • Buswell, J.F. y D. M. L. Barber. 1989. Antibiotic persistance and tolerance in the lactating sheep following a course of ¡ntramammary therapy. Br. Vet. J., 145: 552-557.
  • Coni, V., C. Alongi, L. Zintu, C. Ligios, M. Liciardi y G. Pulina. 1998. Experimental intramammary infection with Staphylococcus haemolyticus in dairy ewes. VI Intern. Symp. on the Milking of Small Ruminants. Atenas, Grecia: en prensa.
  • Contreras, A., J.C. Corrales, D. Sierra y J. Marco. 1995. Prevalence and aetiology of non-clinical intramammary infection in Murciano-Granadina goats. Small Rum. Res.,\l: 71-78.
  • Contreras, A., D. Sierra, J.C. Corrales, A. Sánchez y J. Marco. 1996. Physiological thresold of somatic cell count and California Mastitis Test for diagnosis of caprine subclinical mastitis. Small Rum. Res., 21: 259-264
  • Contreras, A., M.J. Paape, A. L. di Cario, R.H. Miller y P. Rainard. 1997. Evaluation of Selected Antibiotic Residue Screening Tests: for Milk from Individual Goats. J. Dairy Sel, 80: 1113-1118.
  • Corrales, J.C. 1998. Mamitis subclinicas caprinas: Diagnóstico y Eficacia del Tratamiento Antibiótico en el Periodo Seco.lstis Doctoral. Universidad de Murcia, España.
  • Corrales, J.C, A. Contreras, A. Sánchez, C. Luengo y J.C. Marco. 1997. Etiología y diagnóstico microbiológico de las mamitis caprinas. En: Mamitis caprina I. Ovis, 53: 33-65.
  • Corrales, J.C, A. Sánchez, C. Luengo y A. Contreras. 1998. Tratamiento de las mamitis caprinas y otras estrategias de control. En: Mamitis caprina II. Ovis, 53: 83-94.
  • Cuccuru, C, P. Moroni, A. Zecconi, M. Pittau y A. Contini. 1996a. Utüization of dipping ín ewes: Relationship between somatic cell counts and intramammary infections. Preliminary results. Fe. Me. S. P. Rum. Sanidad y Producción de Rumiantes en el área del Mediterráneo. Murcia, España:.pp. 507-510.
  • Cuccuru, C, P. Moroni, A. Zecconi, G. Saulas, M. Pittau y A. Contini. 1996b. Influence of intramammary therapy during the dry period in ewes. Fe. Me. S. P. Rum. Sanidad y Producción de Rumiantes en el área del Mediterráneo. Murcia, España: pp.501 -506.
  • Cullor, J. S. 1991. Citado por Sordillo L.M., K. Shafer-Weaver, and D. DeRosa .1997.
  • Daniel, L. R., B. P. Chew, T.S. Tanaka y L.W. Tjoelker. 1991. JJ-carotene and Vitamine A Effects on Bovine Phagocyte Function in Vitro During the Peripartum Period. J. Dairy Sci., 74: 124-131.
  • Darío, C, V. Laudadio, T. Corsalini, G. Búfano y C. Buonavoglia. 1996. Subclinical mastitis in sheep: Ocurrence, etiology and milk production in different genetic types. Agr. Med., 126: 320-325.
  • Deinhofer, M. 1993. Staphylococcus spp. as mastitis-related pathogen in ewes and goats. VIntern. Symp. on Machine Milking on Small Ruminants. Budapest, Hungary: 139-143.
  • De la Cruz, M., E. Serrano, V. Montoro, J. Marco, M. Romeo, R. Baselga, I. Albizu y B. Amorena. 1994. Etiology and prevalence of subclinical mastitis in the Manchega sheep at mid-late lactation. Small Rum. Res., 14: 175-180.
  • Dodd, F.H. 1981. Mastitis control . En: Mastitis Control and Herd Management. A.J. Bramley, F.H. Dodd y T.K. Griffín (Eds.), Reading, UK, NIRD Tech. Bull., 4:11-23.
  • East, N.E y E.F. Birnie. Diseases of the udder. Symposium on Sheep and Goat Medicine. Vet. Clin. NorthAm., 5, (3): 591-600.
  • Eberhart, R.J. 1986. Management of dry cows to reduce mastitis. J. Dairy Sel: 69: 1721-1732.
  • Esnal, A., I. Escobal y M. García. 1998. Tratamiento antibiótico con penetamato frente a Strep. agalactias en ovejas en lactación. Med. Vet. 15(1): 24-27.
  • F.I.L., 1967. Citado por Marco, M.,L. Romeo y M. Romeo. 1992.
  • F.I.L., 1991. Numeration des cellules somatiques du lait. Federation Internationale de Laiterie, Norme FIL Internationale, 148: 1-9.
  • Ferrer, O., F. Real y B. Acosta. 1993. Estudio de las mastitis clínicas en la cabra canaria. Med. Vet., 10:558-566. Fox, L.K., D.D. Hancock y S.D. Horner. 1992. Selective intramammary antibiotic therapy during nonlactating period in goats. Small Rum. Res.,9: 313-318.
  • Fthenakis, G. C. y J.E.T. Jones. 1990. The effect of experimentally induced subclinical mastitis on milk yield of ewes and on the growth of lambs. Brit. Vet J., 146: 43-49.
  • Fuertes, J. A., C. Gonzalo, J. A. Carriedo y F. San Primitivo. 1998. Parameters of Test Day Milk Yield and Milk Components for Dairy Ewes. J. Dairy Sci., 81: 1300-1307.
  • Gibson, I. R. y P. G. Hendy. 1976. Mastitis in dry ewes. Vet. Rec, 98: 511-512.
  • Gómez, M.J., R. Gallego, D. Hernández, J.M. Tavera, M.D. Pérez-Guzmán y V. Montoro. 1997.
  • Primeros resultados de la aplicación del programa de controi de mamitis subclínica en ovino de raza Manchega. ¡TEA, 18 (II): 567-569.
  • González, M.C. y P. Cármenes. 1995. Influencia del tratamiento de secado sobre el recuento de células somáticas en leche de oveja. ITEA, 16 (II): 518-520.
  • González, M.C, C. Gonzalo, F. San Primitivo y P. Cármenes. 1995. Relationship between somatic cell count and intramammary infection of the half udder in dairy ewes. J. Dairy 5c/.:78: 2753-2759.
  • Gonzalo, C. 1996. Microbiological and hygienic quality of ewe and goat milk, somatic cells and pathogens. En: Production and Vtilization of Ewes and Goats Milk. IDF Special Issue, 96031/1996:59-71.
  • Gonzalo, C, J. A. Baro, J. A. Carriedo, y F. San Primitivo. 1993. Use of the Fossomatic Method to Determine Somatic Cell Counts in SheepMilk. J. Dairy Sci., 76: 115-119.
  • Gonzalo C, J. R. Martínez y F. San Primitivo. 1998a. Significación y métodos de valoración del recuento celular en leche de oveja. En: El Recuento de Células Somáticas en la leche de oveja. Ovis, 56: 13-25.
  • Gonzalo C, J. A. Tardáguila, F. de la Fuente y F. San Primitivo. 1998b. Optimización de las estrategias de disminución del recuento celular ovino: Programas de control a nivel poblacional. En: El Recuento de Células Somáticas en la leche de oveja. Ovis, 56: 55-70.
  • Gonzalo C.y E. Vijil. 1985. Situación actual del ordeño mecánico en el ganado ovino. Perspectivas futuras. Zootechnia, XXXIV 10-11-12: 202-216.
  • Gonzalo C, E. Vijil, M. Rodríguez y F. C. Fuentes. 1988. Contenido y tipos celulares del calostro ovino y su evolución en el tránsito de calostro a leche. ITEA, 76: 15-25.
  • Gross, S.J:, E. J: Pollack, GJ. Anderson, y D.T. Torell. 1978. Incidence and importance of subclinical mastitis in sheep. J. Anim. Sci., 46(1): 1-9.
  • Gutiérrez, L.M., M. L. García, A. Otero, M.C. García y B. Moreno. 1990. Incidence of staphylococci in ovine mastitic milk and antibiotic susceptibility of the strains. Milchwissenschaft, 45(12): 778-781
  • Harmon, R.J., R.J. Eberhart, D.E. Jasper, B.E. Langlois y R.A. Wilson. 1990. Microbiological procedures for the diagnosis of bovine udder ínfection. Ed. National Mastitis Council, Arlingíon VA, pp. 1-33.
  • Harvey, W. R. 1977. User's guide for LSML76. Mixed modei least squares and máximum likelihood computer program. Mimeo, Ohio State Univ., Columbus.
  • Harvey, W. R. 1979. Least squares analysis of data with unequal subclass members. ARS-USDA, ARS-H4. Ohio State Univ., Columbus.
  • Heald, C.W., G.M. Jones y S. Nickerson, T.L. Bibb. 1977. Mastitis control by penicillin and novobiocin at drying-off. Can. Vet. J., 18(7): 171-180.
  • Hendy, P.G. y K.E. Pugh. 1981. Prevention of post weaning mastitis in ewes. Vet. Rec, 109: 56- 57.
  • Herkenhoff, P.J., C. Thornsberry, J.L: Watts y R.J. Yancey, Jr. 1994. Development of penicillinnovobiocin disk for antimicrobial susceptibility testing of microorganisms isolated from bovine mastitis. J. Dairy Sel 77 (Suppl. 1): 256.
  • Heeschen, W. 1987. Sanitary and health aspeets of milk. In: H.O. Gravet (Ed.) World Animal Sel, C3. Dairy Cattle Production. Elsevier Sci. Publ. B.V., 173-250.
  • Hillerton, J. E., A.J. Bramley, R.T. Skater y C.H. Mckinnon. 1995. Patterns of intamammary ínfections and clinical mastitis over a 5 year period in a closely monitored herd applying mastitis control measures. J. Dairy Res., 62: 39-50.
  • Hofer, E., P. Winter y W. Baumgartner. 1995. Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci as Pathogens of Subclinical and Clinical Mastitis in three Flocks of Milk Sheep. /// IDF Intern. Mastitis Seminar. Tel Aviv, Israel. Book 2, s-6: 96-97.
  • Honkanen-Buzalski, T., V. Myllys y S. PyürSla*. 1994. Bovine Clinical Mastitis due to Coagulasenegative Staphylococci and their Susceptibility to Antimicrobials. J. Vet. Med. B., 41, 344- 350.
  • Hueston, W.D., N.R. Hartwing y J.K. Judy. 1986. Patterns of nonclinical intramammary infections inaeweñock.JAVMA, 188(2): 170-172.
  • Hueston, W.D., G.J. Bonner y S.L. Baertsche 1989. Intramammary antibiotic treatment at the end of lactation for prophylaxis and treatment of intramammary infections in ewes. JAVMA, 194(8): 1041-1044
  • IDF. 1984. Recommended methods for somatic cell counting in milk. Doc. n° 168: 4-13
  • Indreb0, A. 1991a. Mastitis in the ewe. Microbiological fíndings and sensitivity to antibiotics. Norsk Veterinnertidsskrift, 103: 107-113.
  • Iturritza, J. y F. Beltrán de Heredia. 1987. Recuento de células somáticas en la oveja Latxa. I. Evolución a lo largo de la lactación. Med. Vet, 4(12): 639-676.
  • Jones, J. E. T. 1991. Mastitis in sheep. En: Owen J.B. & R.F. Axford (Eds.). Breeding for Disease Resistance in Farm Animáis. 412-423
  • Jones, G. M., C.W. Heald, W.N. Pattersony y D.E. Robinson. 1977. Use of the Fossomatic Somatic Cell Counts in a Mastitis Control Program. Journal of Food Protection, 40(7):490- 492.
  • Keisler, D.H., M.L. Andrews y R.J. Moffatt. 1992. Subclinical mastitis in ewes and its effects on lamb performance. J.Anim. ScL, 70: 1677-1681.
  • Kimberling, C.V. 1988. Mastitis, en Jensen andSwift's Diseases ofSheep. Kimberüng C.V. (ed.), ed. 2. Philadelpia, Lea &Fabiger, pp. 34-38.
  • Kirk, J.H., J.S. Glenn y J.P. Maas. 1996. Mastitis in a flock of milking sheep. Small. Rum. Res., 22: 187-191.
  • Konig, C.D.W., J.H.E. Fieten y G.W. Gelling. 1983. Mastitis in Sheep in the Netherlands. Tijdschr. Diergeneeskd, 108: 904-912
  • Krukowski, H., M. Tietze y T. Majewski. 1995. Efficacy of intramammary infusión of antibiotics and inmunomodulators in dry period in ewes as a prophylaxis measure of mastitis. III IDF Intern. Mastitis Seminar, Tel Aviv, Israel,.Book 2. s-5 73-77.
  • Kruze, J. y M. Chavarry. 1995. Effects of method of drug administration on efficiency ot dry-cow therapy and on teat canal keratin. III IDF Intern. Mastitis Seminar, Tel Aviv, Israel. Book 2. s-5: 130-132.
  • Lagriffoul, G., M. R. Aurel, F. Barillet, D. Bergonier, J. Bernard y X. Berthelot. 1993. Evolution of somatic cell count for Lacaune dairy ewes: preliminary results. V Intern. Symp. on Machine Milking on Small Ruminants, Hungary: 110-119.
  • Langleyetal, 1971. Citados por Heald et al, 1977.
  • Las Heras, A., J.F. Fernández-Garayzabal, E. Legaz, I. López y L. Domínguez. 1998. Importance of subclinical mastitis in milking sheep and diversity of aetioíogiclal agents. VI Intern. Symp. on the Milking of Small Ruminants. Atenas, Grecia: en prensa.
  • Lohuis, J.A.C.M., D. Aguer, S.M. Hensen, J. Saintagne y R. Duvernois. 1995. Prevalence of intramammary infections in dairy sheep at drying off. III IDF Intern. Mastitis Seminar, Tel Aviv, Israel, Book 2. s-6: 78-79
  • Macmillan, K.L., G.F. Duirs y D.M. Duganzich. 1983. Associations Between Dry Cow Therapy, Clinical Mastitis, and Somatic Cell Count Score with Milk and Fat Productions in Ten New Zealand Daity Herds. J. Dairy Sel,66: 259-265.
  • Madel AJ. 1981. Observations on the Mammary Glands of Culled Ewes at the Time of Slaughter. Vet. Rec, 109:362-363.
  • Maisi, P., J. Juntílla y J. Seppanen. 1987. Detection of subclinical mastitis in ewes. Br. Vet. J., 143:402-409
  • Mallard, B.A., J.C. Dekkers, M.J. Ireland, K.E. Leslie, S. Sharif, C. Lacey Vankampen, L. Wagter y B.N. Wilkie. 1998. Alteration in immune responsiveness during the peripartum period and its ramifícation on dairy cow and calf health. JDairy Sci., 81: 585-595.
  • Marco, J.C. 1994. Mastitis en la Oveja Latxa: epidemiología, diagnóstico y control. Tesis Doctoral. Universidad de Zaragoza. España.
  • Marco, J.C, J.J. Adúriz, M. Romeo y L.M. Salazar. 1992. Diagnóstico. En: Mamitis Ovina I. Ovis, 21:75-88
  • Marco, J.C. y C. Garbísu. 1986. Examen bacteriológico de las muestras de leche. En: Mamitis II. Bovis, 11:35-64.
  • Marco, J.C, C. González, M. Romeo, C. Soriano, C Micheo, C Jorge y A. Mantecón. 1997a. Situación de mastitis y de algunas enfermedades relevantes en razas ovinas lecheras de la provincia de Buenos Aires. XXII Jornadas Científicas de la SEOC. Puerto de la Cruz, Tenerife.
  • Marco, J.C, M. Romeo, E. Cífrian, L.M. Salazar, C.Gonzalo y A. Contreras. 1997b. Evolución del Recuento Celular en rebaños de ovino Latxo integrados en un programa de control de mamitis. ITEA, 18, (II): 558-560.
  • Marco, S.C., L. Romeo y M. Romeo. 1992b. Etiología. En: Mamitis Ovina I. Ovis, 21: 25-43.
  • McCarthy, F.D., J.B. Lindsey, M.T. Gore y D.R. Notter. 1988. Incidence and control of subclinical mastitis incidence in intensively managed ewes. J. Anim. Sci, 66: 2715-2721.
  • McKellar, Q.A. 1991. Intramammary treatment of mastitis in cows. In Practice, Nov.:244-249.
  • Myllys V., T. Honkanen-Buzalski, P. Huovinen, M. Sandholm y E. Nurmi. 1994. Association of Changes in the Bacterial Ecology of Bovine Mastitis with Changes in the use of Milking Machines and Antibacterial Drugs. Acta vet. Scand., 35: 363-369.
  • Natzke, R.P. 1981. Elements of Mastitis Control. J. Dairy Sci., 64(6): 1431-1442.
  • Natzke, R.P., R.W. Everett, R.S. Guthrie, J.F. Keown, A.M. Meek, W.G. Merrill, S.J. Roberts y G.H: Schmidt. 1972. Mastitis control program: Effect on Milk Production. J. Dairy Sci., 55(9): 1256-1260.
  • Neave, F.K., F.H. Dodd, R.G. Kingwill y D.R. Westgarth. 1969. Control of mastitis in the dairy herd by hygiene and management. J. Dairy Sci., 52: 696-707
  • Otto, D. 1991. Studíes on the importance of coagulase positive and coagulase negative staphylococci in ewe mastitis. PhD Thesis, Justus-Liebig-Universitat, Giessen, Germany, 132 pp.
  • Oliver et al., 1991. Citados por Sánchez, A., A. Contreras y J.C Corrales. 1997.
  • Pankey, J.W., R.M. Barker, A. Twomey y G. Duirs. 1982. Comparative efficacy of dry-cow treatment regimens against Staphylococcus aureus. N. Z. Vet. J., 30: 13-15.
  • Pellegrini, O., M.R. Aurel, G. Lagriffoul, C. Marie, F. Remeuf, M. Rivemale y F. Barillet. 1996.
  • Relations entre les comptages de cellules somatiques, les caractéristiques physicochimiques et l'aptitude á la coagulation par la présure de laits indEn: Somatic cells and milk of small ruminants. Wageningen Pers, Wageningen, The Netherlands: 253-258.
  • Pengov, A. 1998. The Somatic Cell Counts of cows and ewes infected with coagulase-negative Staphylococci. Federación Mediterránea de Sanidad y Producción de Rumiantes, Slovenia, en prensa.
  • Peris, C, J.R. Díaz, N. Fernández y M. Rodríguez. 1996. Effect of subclinical mastitis on milk yield in Manchega ewes: preliminary results. En: Somatic cells and milk of small ruminants. Wageningen Pers, Wageningen, The Netherlands: 203-206.
  • Poutrel, B. 1983. Les mammites de la chévre et de la brebis. Les dossiers de l'élevage, 5: 37-44.
  • Poutrel, B. y P. Rainard. 1981. California Mastitis Test guide of Selective Dry Cow Therapy J. Dairy Sci.,64: 241-248.
  • Poutrel, B. y R. Cremoux. 1995. Effícacy of antibiotic treatment at drying-off for udder infections in goats. IIIIDFIntern. Mastitis Seminar, Tel Aviv, Israel. Vol II, s-5: 91-92.
  • Pugliese, A., O. Catarsini, S. M. Balbo, R. Conti y A. Briganti. 1988. Terapia antibiotica con veicolo gassoso nella mastite ovina. Documenti veterinari, 9(l):57-59.ividuéis de brebis de race Lacaune.
  • Radostits, L.F. 1994. Mastitis Control in Dairy Herds. En: Herd Health. Food Animal Production Medicine. W.B. Saunders Company. Second Edition: 229-276.
  • Rapoport, E. 1989. Distribution of Udder Pathogens in Small Ruminants in Israel, 1983-1988. IV Intern. Symp. on Machine Milking of Small Ruminants. Tel Aviv, Israel: pp. 426-438
  • Ravinderpal, G., W.H. Howard, K. E. Leslie y K.L. Lissemore. 1990. Economics of Mastitis Control. J. Dairy ScL, 73(11): 3340-3348.
  • Reneau, K. 1986. Effective Use of Dairy Herd Improvement Somatic Cell Counts in Mastitis Control. J. Dairy Sci., 69: 1708-1720.
  • Rindsig, R.B., R.G. Rodewald, A.R. Smith y S.L. Spahr. 1978. Complete versus Selective Dry Cow Therapy for Mastitis Control. J. Dairy Sci., 61: 1483-1497.
  • Romeo, M., J.C. Marco, J.J. Adúriz, C. Marín y L.M. Salazar. 1991. Mamitis ovinas: relación entre el recuento celular y los parámetros productivos. ITEA, 11(11): 727-730.
  • Romeo, M., A. Esnal, A. Contreras, J.J. Adúriz, L. González y J.C. Marco. 1996. Evolution of milk somatic cell counts along the lactation period in sheep of the Latxa breed. En: Somatic cells and milk of small ruminants. Wageningen Pers, Wageningen, The Netherlands: 21-25.
  • Sánchez, A. 1998. Dinámica Celular en Leche de Cabra en Relación con el Estado Sanitario de la Glándula Mamaria y Aplicaciones Diagnósticas. Tesis Doctoral. Universidad de Murcia. España.
  • Sánchez, A., A. Contreras y J.C. Corrales. 1997. Aspectos epidemiológicos de las mamitis caprinas en relación con los programas de control. En: Mamitis caprina I. Ovis, 53: 67-92.
  • SAS/STAT® User's Guide, Versión 6, 10lh edition. 1992. SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC.
  • Schalm, O.W., E.J. Carroll y N. C. Jain. 1971. Bovine Mastitis. Lea & Febiger, Philadelphia (USA), pp. 94-157.
  • Scheifler, K. H., 1986. Family I: Micrococcaceae. En: Sneath, P. H. A., N. S. Mair, M. E. Sharpe & J. G. Holt (Eds.). Bergey's manual of Sysíematic Bacteriology. Vol. 2, Williams and Wilkins, Baltimore: 1003-1004. Schultze, W.D. 1983. Effects of a Selective Régimen of Dry Cow Therapy on Intramammary Infection and on Antibiotic Sensitivity of Surviving Pathogens. J. Dairy Sel, 66: 892-903.
  • Schultze, W.D y H.D. Mercer. 1976. Non-Iactating-Cow Therapy with a formulation of Penicillin and Novobiocin: Therapeutic and Prophylactic Effects. Am. J. Vet. Res., 37(11): 1275- 1279.
  • Sordillo, L. M., K. Shafer-Weaver, y D. DeRosa. 1997. Inmunobiology oh the Mammary Gland. J, Dairy Sci., 80: 1851-1865.
  • Stefanakis, A., C. Boscos, C. Alexopoulos y F. Samartzi. 1995. Frequency of subclinical mastitis and observations on somatic cell counts in ewe's milk in northern Greece. Anim. Science, 61:69-76.
  • Thornsberry, C, P.J. Burton, Y.C. Yee, J.L. Watts, y R.J. Yancey, Jr. 1997. The activity of a combination of penicillin and novobiocin against bovine mastitis pathogens: development of a disk diffusion test. J. Dairy Sci.: 80: 413-421.
  • Thrusfield, M. 1990. Epidemiología Veterinaria, Editorial Acribia, S.A, Zaragoza. Tietze, M., T. Majewski y A. Szymanowska. 1993. Ocurrence and prophylaxis of subclinical mastitis of sheep. V Intern, Symp. on Machine Milking on Small Ruminants. Budapest, Hungary: 122-126.
  • Timms, L.L. y D. Morrical. 1989. Dimamics of subclinical intramammary infection and effects of dry treatment on sheep mastitis. North American Dairy Sheep Symposium, Minnesota, EE.UU.: 190.
  • Torres-Hernández, G. y W. Hohenboken. 1979. Genetic and enviromental effects on milk production, milk composition and mastitis incidence in crossbred ewes. J. Anim. Sel, 49: 410-417.
  • Watkins, G.H., A.R. Burriel y J.E.T. Jones. 1991. A field investigation of subclinical mastitis in sheep in southern England. Br. Vet. J., 147: 413-420.
  • Watson D.L. y J.F. Buswell. 1984. Modern aspeets of sheep mastitis. Br. Vet. J., 140: 529-534.