Efecto de la edad relativa en las disciplinas de lanzamientos de los participantes españoles en el plan nacional de tecnificación de atletismo

  1. Redondo Castán, J. C. 1
  2. Izquierdo, J.M. 1
  1. 1 Universidad de León
    info

    Universidad de León

    León, España

    ROR https://ror.org/02tzt0b78

Journal:
Cuadernos de psicología del deporte

ISSN: 1578-8423,  1989-5879

Year of publication: 2019

Volume: 19

Issue: 3

Pages: 156-167

Type: Article

DOI: 10.6018/CPD.378391 DIALNET GOOGLE SCHOLAR lock_openDIGITUM editor

More publications in: Cuadernos de psicología del deporte

Abstract

The concept of relative effect of age refers to the consequences of the physical and psychological differences that may exist between those born earlier or later within the same calendar year. The objective of the present study was to examine this phenomenon in Spanish throwers under 18s (Sub-18) and under 14s (Sub-14), identifying the influences of the athletic discipline. The sample comprised 1,960 throwers participants in the national sports training plan in Spanish athletics of the Royal Spanish Athletics Federation (RFEA) between 2005 and 2018. Statistical analysis was based on a chi-squared test followed by calculation of the odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals. The main results show that at all disciplines (discus throw, javelin throw, hammer throw and shot put) there was an over-representation of individuals born in the first few months of the year. The biggest difference is observed in shot put and in most cases this effect is reduced with the maturation of the throwers. We can conclude that the structure of Spanish athletics encourages the appearance of this phenomenon, probably due to the early selection process of throwers.

Bibliographic References

  • Albuquerque, M. R., Lage, G. M., Da Costa, V. T., Ferreira, R. M., Penna, E. M., De Albuquerque, L. C. C., & Malloy-Diniz, L. F. (2012). Relative age effect in Olympic taekwondo athletes. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 114(2), 461-468. doi: https://doi.org/10.2466/05.25.pms.114.2.461-468
  • Albuquerque, M. R., Tavares, V., Lage, G. M., De Paula, J. J., Da Costa, I. T., & Malloy-Diniz, L. F. (2013). Relative age effect in Olympic Judo athletes: A weight category analysis. Science & Sports, 28(3), e59-e61. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scispo.2012.09.004
  • Baker, J., Schorer, J., Cobley, S., Bräutigam, H., & Büsch, D. (2009). Gender, depth of competition and relative age effects in team sports. Asian Journal of Exercise & Sports Science, 6(1).
  • Barnsley, R. H., Thompson, A., & Legault, P. (1992). Family planning: Football style. The relative age effect in football. International review for the sociology of sport, 27(1), 77-87.
  • Bell, J. F., Sykes, E. D., & Vidal, C. (2009). Birthdate Effects: A Review of the Literature from 1990-on: University of Cambridge.
  • Boucher, J., & Halliwell, W. (1991). The novem system: A practical solution to age grouping (Vol. 57, pp. 16–20.): Can J Appl Sport Sci.
  • Brazo-Sayavera, J., Martínez-Valencia, M. A., Müller, L., Andronikos, G., & Martindale, R. J. (2017). Identifying talented track and field athletes: The impact of relative age effect on selection to the Spanish National Athletics Federation training camps. Journal of sports sciences, 35(22), 2172-2178. doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2016.1260151
  • Brazo-Sayavera, J., Martínez-Valencia, M. A., Müller, L., Andronikos, G., & Martindale, R. J. (2018). Relative age effects in international age group championships: A study of Spanish track and field athletes. PloS one, 13(4), e0196386. doi: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0196386
  • Campos, F. A., Campos, L. C., Pellegrinotti, I. L., & Gómez, M. A. (2017). The Relative Age Effect in Soccer: an Analysis of the U20 Libertadores Cup. International Journal of Exercise Science, 10(8), 1157-1164.
  • Cobley, S., Baker, J., Wattie, N., & McKenna, J. (2009). Annual age-grouping and athlete development. Sports medicine, 39(3), 235-256.
  • Cobley, S., Schorer, J., & Baker, J. (2008). Relative age effects in professional German soccer: A historical analysis. Journal of sports sciences, 26(14), 1531-1538. doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/02640410802298250
  • Cobley, S., & Till, K. (2015). Talent identification, development, and the young rugby player. The science of rugby, 237-252.
  • Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behaviors science.(2nd). New Jersey: Laurence Erlbaum Associates, Publishers, Hillsdale.
  • Costa, A. M., Marques, M. C., Louro, H., Ferreira, S. S., & Marinho, D. A. (2013). The relative age effect among elite youth competitive swimmers. European journal of sport science, 13(5), 437-444. doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/17461391.2012.742571
  • Davids, K., Lees, A., & Burwitz, L. (2000). Understanding and measuring coordination and control in kicking skills in soccer: Implications for talent identification and skill acquisition. Journal of sports sciences, 18(9), 703-714. doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/02640410050120087
  • Delorme, N., Boiché, J., & Raspaud, M. (2010a). Relative age effect in elite sports: Methodological bias or real discrimination? European Journal of Sport Science, 10(2), 91-96. doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/17461390903271584
  • Delorme, N., Boiché, J., & Raspaud, M. (2010b). Relative age effect in female sport: a diachronic examination of soccer players. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports, 20(3), 509-515. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0838.2009.00979.x
  • Dixon, J., Horton, S., & Weir, P. (2011). Relative age effects: Implications for leadership development. The International Journal of Sport and Society, 2(2). doi: https://doi.org/10.18848/2152-7857/cgp/v02i02/54068
  • Folgar, M. I., Cristóbal, R. V., González, J. C. V., & Boubeta, A. R. (2014). El efecto de la edad relativa en la participación en el Plan nacional de tecnificación deportiva y la consecución de grandes éxitos deportivos en piragüismo. Apunts. Educación física y deportes, 1(115), 46-53.
  • Freyman, R. (1965). Further evidence on the effect of date of birth on subsequent school performance. Educational Research, 8(1), 58-64. doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/0013188650080105
  • Grondin, S., Deshaies, P., & Nault, L.-P. (1984). Trimestre de naissance et participation au hockey et au volleyball. La Revue québécoise de l'activité physique, 2(3), 97-103.
  • Gutiérrez, D., Vicedo, P., Carlos, J., Gonzalez Villora, S., Jordan, C., & Ricardo, O. (2010). The relative age effect in youth soccer players from Spain. Journal of Sports Science and Medicine, 9(2), 190-198.
  • Gutiérrez Díaz del Campo, D. (2013). Revisión y propuestas de intervención sobre el Efecto de la Edad Relativa en los ámbitos educativo y deportivo. Retos: Nuevas tendencias en educación física, deporte y recreación(23), 51-63.
  • Gutiérrez, Ó., Saavedra, M., Contreras, J., & Fernández, J. (2012). Influencia del año de nacimiento de una jugadora en las posibilidades de ser captada como talento en el balonmano femenino internacional. Apunts Educación Física y Deportes(108), 54-60. doi: https://doi.org/10.5672/apunts.2014-0983.es.(2012/2).108.06
  • Gómez-Espejo, V., Aroca, B., Robles-Palazón, F., & Olmedilla, A. (2017). Formación integral en la cantera del Real Murcia CF: Tutorías psicológicas. Revista de Psicología Aplicada al Deporte y al Ejercicio Físico, 2(2), 1-11. doi: https://doi.org/10.5093/rpadef2017a11
  • Helsen, W. F., Hodges, N. J., Winckel, J. V., & Starkes, J. L. (2000). The roles of talent, physical precocity and practice in the development of soccer expertise. Journal of sports sciences, 18(9), 727-736. doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/02640410050120104
  • Helsen, W. F., Van Winckel, J., & Williams, A. M. (2005). The relative age effect in youth soccer across Europe. Journal of sports sciences, 23(6), 629-636. doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/02640410400021310
  • Hollings, S. C., Hume, P. A., & Hopkins, W. G. (2014). Relative-age effect on competition outcomes at the World Youth and World Junior Athletics Championships. European journal of sport science, 14(sup1), S456-S461. doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/17461391.2012.713007
  • Lamigueiro, M. C., Medina, J. A., Salillas, L. G., Marqueta, P. M., & Virón, P. C. (2003). Edad cronológica como factor de elección de jugadores de las selecciones españolas de baloncesto de formación. Archivos de medicina del deporte: revista de la Federación Española de Medicina del Deporte y de la Confederación Iberoamericana de Medicina del Deporte(96), 321. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ramd.2016.11.009
  • Leite, N., Santos, S., Gonçalves, B., Silva, A., Duarte, R., & Sampaio, J. (2018). Examen de la distribución de las fechas de nacimiento de los atletas olímpicos de Beijing. Revista de Psicologia del Deporte, 27(1), 31-42.
  • Lovell, R., Towlson, C., Parkin, G., Portas, M., Vaeyens, R., & Cobley, S. (2015). Soccer player characteristics in English lower-league development programmes: The relationships between relative age, maturation, anthropometry and physical fitness. PloS one, 10(9), e0137238. doi: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0137238
  • Malina, R. M., Bouchard, C., & Bar-Or, O. (2004). Growth, maturation, and physical activity: Human kinetics.
  • Medic, N., Starkes, J. L., & Young, B. W. (2007). Examining relative age effects on performance achievement and participation rates in Masters athletes. Journal of Sports Sciences, 25(12), 1377-1384. doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/02640410601110128
  • Musch, J., & Grondin, S. (2001). Unequal competition as an impediment to personal development: A review of the relative age effect in sport. Developmental review, 21(2), 147-167. doi: https://doi.org/10.1006/drev.2000.0516
  • Nakata, H., & Sakamoto, K. (2011). Relative age effect in Japanese male athletes. Perceptual and motor skills, 113(2), 570-574. doi: https://doi.org/10.2466/05.10.11.pms.113.5.570-574
  • Nakata, H., & Sakamoto, K. (2012). Sex differences in relative age effects among Japanese athletes. Perceptual and motor skills, 115(1), 179-186. doi: https://doi.org/10.2466/10.05.17.pms.115.4.179-186
  • Ortigosa-Márquez, J., Reigal, R., Serpa, S., & Hernández-Mendo, A. (2018). Efectos de la edad relativa en el proceso de selección nacional de triatletas. Revista Internacional de Medicina y Ciencias de la Actividad Física y del Deporte, 18(70). doi: https://doi.org/10.15366/rimcafd2018.70.001
  • Pierson, K., Addona, V., & Yates, P. (2014). A behavioural dynamic model of the relative age effect. Journal of Sports Sciences, 32(8), 776-784. doi: 10.1080/02640414.2013.855804
  • Romann, M., & Cobley, S. (2015). Relative age effects in athletic sprinting and corrective adjustments as a solution for their removal. PLoS One, 10(4), e0122988.
  • Romann, M., & Fuchslocher, J. (2011). Influence of the selection level, age and playing position on relative age effects in Swiss women’s soccer. Talent Development & Excellence, 3(2), 239-247.
  • Russell, R., & Startup, M. (1986). Month of birth and academic achievement. Personality and Individual Differences, 7(6), 839-846.
  • Saavedra García, M., Gutiérrez Aguilar, Ó., Galatti, L., & Fernández Romero, J. J. (2015). Efecto de la edad relativa en los mundiales de baloncesto FIBA en categorías inferiores (1979-2011). Cuadernos de Psicología del Deporte, 15(3), 237-242. doi: https://doi.org/10.4321/s1578-84232015000300028
  • Saavedra-García, M., Gutiérrez-Aguilar, O., Sa-Marques, P., & Fernández-Romero, J. J. (2016). Efecto de la edad relativa en el atletismo español. Cuadernos de Psicología del Deporte, 16(1), 275-286.
  • Schorer, J., Cobley, S., Büsch, D., Bräutigam, H., & Baker, J. (2009). Influences of competition level, gender, player nationality, career stage and playing position on relative age effects. Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports, 19(5), 720-730. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0838.2008.00838.x
  • Sedano, S., Vaeyens, R., & Redondo, J. C. (2015). The relative age effect in Spanish female soccer players. Influence of the competitive level and a playing position. Journal of human kinetics, 46(1), 129-137. doi: https://doi.org/10.1515/hukin-2015-0041
  • Sherar, L. B., Baxter-Jones, A. D., Faulkner, R. A., & Russell, K. W. (2007). Do physical maturity and birth date predict talent in male youth ice hockey players? Journal of sports sciences, 25(8), 879-886.
  • Szumilas, M. (2010). Explaining odds ratios. Journal of the Canadian academy of child and adolescent psychiatry, 19(3), 227.
  • Sánchez-Beleña, F., & García-Naveira , A. (2017). Sobreentrenamiento y deporte desde una perspectiva psicológica: estado de la cuestión. Revista de Psicología Aplicada al Deporte y al Ejercicio Físico, 2(2), 1-12. doi: https://doi.org/10.5093/rpadef2017a8
  • Torres-Unda, J., Zarrazquin, I., Gil, J., Ruiz, F., Irazusta, A., Kortajarena, M., . . . Irazusta, J. (2013). Anthropometric, physiological and maturational characteristics in selected elite and non-elite male adolescent basketball players. Journal of Sports Sciences, 31(2), 196-203. doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2012.725133
  • Vaeyens, R., Philippaerts, R. M., & Malina, R. M. (2005). The relative age effect in soccer: A match-related perspective. Journal of sports sciences, 23(7), 747-756. doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/02640410400022052
  • Wattie, N., Cobley, S., & Baker, J. (2008). Towards a unified understanding of relative age effects. Journal of sports sciences, 26(13), 1403-1409. doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/02640410802233034
Data source: Dialnet