Efectos de un programa combinado de ejercicios de fuerza y aeróbicos de alta intensidad en pacientes supervivientes al cáncer de mama:estudio piloto

  1. Jairo Alejandro Fernández Ortega
  2. José Antonio de Paz Fernández
Revista:
Apunts: Medicina de l'esport

ISSN: 1886-6581,  0213-3717

Año de publicación: 2016

Volumen: 51

Número: 189

Páginas: 3-12

Tipo: Artículo

DOI: 10.1016/J.APUNTS.2015.10.003 DIALNET GOOGLE SCHOLAR

Otras publicaciones en: Apunts: Medicina de l'esport

Resumen

Introducción: El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar los efectos de un programa combinado de ejercicios de fuerza y aeróbicos de alta intensidad sobre la calidad de vida, la fatiga, el consumo máximo de oxígeno, la fuerza y el IGF-I en personas supervivientes al cáncer de mama (SCM) que habían sido sometidas a cirugía, quimioterapia y/o radioterapia y tratadas con tamoxifeno. Métodos: Ocho SCM siguieron un programa de ejercicios, 3 veces por semana durante un período de 22 semanas, con una intensidad del 80%. Se evaluaron la reserva del ritmo cardíaco (RRC), la fuerza, la calidad de vida (CV), la fatiga y el factor de crecimiento insulínico tipo 1 (IGF-I). Resultados: Las 8 participantes reflejaron un índice de adherencia del 97,8% al programa de entrenamiento. Se observaron el incremento de consumo máximo de oxígeno (20%), el incremento de fuerza (56,9%) en el brazo sin linfadenectomía y el incremento de fuerza (104%) en el brazo con linfadenectomía. Se produjo una mejora de la calidad de vida (24%) de acuerdo con las escalas SF36 y FACT-B. Disminuyeron la fatiga general y el desánimo (67,7%), al igual que los niveles plasmáticos del IGF-I (22,8%). Conclusiones: Un programa en el que se incremente la fuerza y el ejercicio aeróbico al 80% de la RRC puede resultar eficaz para mejorar la CV, el consumo máximo de oxígeno y la fuerza, y disminuir la fatiga y los niveles plasmáticos de IGF-I, en personas supervivientes al cáncer de mama, no generando ni exacerbando el linfedema.

€ Ver financiación

Información de financiación

The research was funded by the National Pedagogical University of Colombia , there was no financial benefit to any of the authors, and neither the manuscript nor the abstract has been presented in other informative media.

Financiadores

Referencias bibliográficas

  • 1. Burgess C, Cornelius V, Love S, Graham J, Richards M, Ramirez A. Depression and anxiety in women with early breast cancer: Five year observational cohort study. Br Med J. 2005; 330: 702.
  • 2. Schultz-Hector S, Trott K-R. Radiation-induced cardiovascular diseases: Is the epidemiologic evidence compatible with the radiobiologic data? Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2007; 67: 10-8.
  • 3. Azim HA, de Azambuja E, Colozza M, Bines J, Piccart MJ. Longterm toxic effects of adjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer. Ann Oncol. 2011; 22: 1939-47.
  • 4. Al-Zahrani A, Sandhu MS, Luben RN, Thompson D, Baynes C, Pooley KA, et al. IGF1 and IGFBP3 tagging polymorphisms are associated with circulating levels of IGF1, IGFBP3 and risk of breast cancer. Hum Mol Genet. 2006; 15: 1-10.
  • 5. Neuhausen SL, Brummel S, Chun Ding Y, Singer CF, Pfeiler G, Lynch HT, et al. Genetic variation in insulin-like growth factor signaling genes and breast cancer risk among BRCA1 and BRCA2 carriers. Breast Cancer Res. 2009; 11: 1-12.
  • 6. Xiang H, Wang Y, Nie S. Meta-analysis of the association between insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3 genetic polymorphisms and colorectal cancer susceptibility. PLOS ONE. 2013; 8.
  • 7. Irwin ML, Varma K, Alvarez-Reeves M, Cadmus L, Wiley A, Chung GG, et al. Randomized controlled trial of aerobic exercise on insulin and insulin-like growth factors in breast cancer survivors: The Yale exercise and survivorship study. Cancer Epidemiol Biomark. 2009; 18: 306-13.
  • 8. Fong DYT, Ho JWC, Hui BPH, Lee AM, Macfarlane DJ, Leung SSK, et al. Physical activity for cancer survivors: meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. Br Med J. 2012; 344: e70.
  • 9. Fernandez JA, de Paz JA. Cáncer de mama y ejercicio físico: Revisión. Hacia Promoc Salud. 2012; 17: 135-53.
  • 10. Chicco AJ, Schneider CM, Hayward R. Voluntary exercise protects against acute doxorubicin cardiotoxicity in the isolated perfused rat heart. Am J Physiol. 2005; 289: R424-31.
  • 11. Fairey AS, Courneya KS, Field CJ, Bell GJ, Jones LW, Mackey JR. Effects of exercise training on fasting insulin, insulin resistance, insulin-like growth factors, and insulin-like growth factor binding proteins in postmenopausal breast cancer survivors: A randomized controlled trial. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2003; 12: 721-7.
  • 12. Hayes SC, Janda M, Cornish B, Battistutta D, Newman B. Lymphoedema following breast cancer: Incidence, risk factors and effect on upper-body function. J Clin Orthod. 2008; 26: 3536-42.
  • 13. Bicego D, Brown K, Ruddick M, Storey D, Wong C, Harris SR. Effects of exercise on quality of life in women living with breast cancer: A systematic review. Breast J. 2009; 15: 45-51.
  • 14. Adams SA, Matthews CE, Hebert JR, Moore CG, Cunningham JE, Shu X-O, et al. Association of physical activity with hormone receptor status: The Shanghai Breast Cancer Study. Cancer Epidemiol Biomark Prev. 2006; 15: 1170-8.
  • 15. Lee I-M. Physical activity and cancer prevention data from epidemiologic studies. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2003; 35: 1823-7.
  • 16. Friedenreich C, Cust A. Physical activity and breast cancer risk: Impact of timing, type and dose of activity and population subgroup effects. Br J Sports Med. 2008; 42: 636-47.
  • 17. World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research. Food, Nutrition, Physical Activity, and the Prevention of Cancer: A Global Perspective. Washington, DC: AICR; 2007.
  • 18. Bacurau AV, Belmonte M, Navarro F, Morales RM, Pontes FL, Pesquero JL, et al. Effect of a high-intensity exercise training on the metabolism and function of macrophages and lymphocytes of walker 256 tumor-bearing rats. Exp Biol Med. 2007; 232: 1289-99.
  • 19. Hsieh CC, Sprod LK, Hydock DS, Carter SD, Hayward R, Schneider CM. Effects of a supervised exercise intervention on recovery from treatment regimens in breast cancer survivors. Oncol Nurs Forum. 2008; 35: 909-15.
  • 20. American College of Sports Medicine. Guidelines for exercise testing and prescription. 8th ed. American College of Sports Medicine; 2000.
  • 21. Battaglini CL, Mills RC, Phillips BL, Lee JT, Story CE, Nascimento MG, et al. Twenty-ive years of research on the effects of  exercise training in breast cancer survivors: A systematic review of the literature. World J Clin Oncol. 2014; 5: 177-90.
  • 22. Astrand P-O, Rodahl K. Precis de physiologie de l’exercice musculaire. 3ème ed. Paris: Masson; 1994. p. 530.
  • 23. Satariano WA, Ragland DR, DeLorenze GN. Limitations in upper-body strength associated with breast cancer: A comparison of black and white women. J Clin Epidemiol. 1996; 49: 535-44.
  • 24. Schmitz K, Courneya K, Matthews C, Demark-Wahnefried W, Galvão D, Pinto B, et al. American College of Sports Medicine — roundtable on exercise guidelines for cancer survivors. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2010; 42: 1409-26.
  • 25. Ahmed RL, Thomas W, Yee D, Schmitz KH. Randomized controlled trial of weight training and lymphedema in breast cancer survivors. J Clin Oncol. 2006; 24: 2765-72.
  • 26.  Cheema BSB, Gaul CA. Full-body exercise training improves itness and quality of life in survivors of breast cancer. J Strength Cond Res. 2006; 20: 14-21.
  • 27. Akin S, Can G, Durna Z, Aydiner A. The quality of life and selfeficacy  of  Turkish  breast  cancer  patients  undergoing  chemotherapy. Eur J Oncol Nurs. 2008; 12: 449-56.
  • 28. Valenti M, Porzio G, Aielli F, Verna L, Cannita L, Manno R, et al. Physical exercise and quality of life in breast cancer survivors. Int J Med Sci. 2008; 5: 24-8.
  • 29. Flude ML, Groll D, Woodend K, Tranmer J. Fatigue and physical activity in older patients with cancer: A six-month follow-up study. Oncol Nurs Forum. 2009; 36: 194-202.
  • 30. Cantarero Villanueva I, Fernández Lao C, Díaz Rodriguez L, Fernández de las Peñas C, del Moral Avila R, Arroyo Morales M. A multimodal exercise program and multimedia support reduce cancer-related fatigue in breast cancer survivors: a randomized controlled clinical trial. Eur J Integr Med. 2011; 3: 189-200.
  • 31. Speck RM, Courneya KS, Mâsse LC, Duval S, Schmitz KH. An update of controlled physical activity trials in cancer survivors: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Cancer Surviv. 2010; 4: 87-100.
  • 32.  Schmitz KH, Ahmed R, Hannan P, Yee D. Safety and eficacy of  weight training in recent breast cancer survivors to alter body composition, insulin, and insulin-like growth factor axis proteins. Cancer Epidemiol Biomark Prev. 2005; 14: 1672-80.
  • 33. Hoffman-Goetz L, Apter D, Demark-Wahnefried W, Goran MI, McTiernan A, Reichman ME. Possible mechanisms mediating an association between physical activity and breast cancer. Cancer. 1998; 83 Suppl.: 621-8.
  • 34.  Timmer EC, de Creé C, Belgium Z. Effect of energy deiciency  on estrogen metabolist in female athletes. American College of Sports Medicine. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2007; 39: 1090-1097.
  • 35. Berg U. The IGF-IGFBP system in aerobic exercise-with focus on skeletal muscle. Sweden: Karolinska Institute; 2007.
  • 36. Orenstein MR, Friedenreich CM. Review of physical activity and the IGF family. J Phys Act Health. 2004; 1: 291-320.
  • 37. Irwin ML, McTiernan A, Bernstein L, Gilliland FD, Baumgartner R, Baumgartner K, et al. Relationship of obesity and physical activity with c-peptide, leptin, and insulin-like growth factors in breast cancer survivors. Cancer Epidemiol Biomark Prev. 2005; 14: 2881-8.
  • 38. Pardo A, Violána M, Cabezas C, García J, Miñarro C, Rubinat M, et al. Effectiveness of a supervised physical activity programme on physical activity adherence in patients with cardiovascular risk factors. Apunts Med Esport. 2014; 49: 37-44.
Fuente de los datos: Dialnet