Estudio comparativo de Bone Implant Contact con implantes experimentales de superficie Bioetch® entre hueso nativo y hueso regenerado con dentina autóloga

Abstract

The healing process after tooth removal involves bone remodelling which implies some loss of alveolar bone volume. Among materials proposed for minimising this remodelling and preserving the bone, autologous dental tissue is a promising option, but more data are needed. In this context, we evaluated size and density changes using cone beam computed tomography in autologous dental material (ADM)-preserved sockets compared to controls, and assessed biological responses with experimental implants by histological analysis Material and methods: This study was a split-mouth design initially including 38 patients, of which 27 reached the radiographic analysis phase and 23 the histomorphometric analysis phase. Each patient had ≥2 single-rooted teeth with structurally intact alveoli extracted; one was assigned to the study group and preserved with ADM, and the other served as a control where a blood clot was stabilized. Postoperative radiographic examinations were conducted at 8 weeks, and at 16 weeks to assess bone volume and density. At this point, an experimental implant was placed in each group, which after an additional 16 weeks was removed with a trephine for histomorphometric analysis in terms of BIC and Aa values, replacing it with a conventional 5mm diameter implant. Results: The dimensional analysis of the alveoli at the radiographic level allows us to assert that although solid statistical evidence was observed indicating that bone remodeling occurs over time in both socket, if we take the HL and VL values as a reference, it is observed that there are significant differences between both groups, being less in the dentin group the remodeling in width and height, especially at 16 weeks of preservation. (M16HL(-0.89; p<.01; 95% CI: -0.29 – -1.49); M16VL(-0.62; p<.05; 95% CI: -0.01 – -1.25)). The significantly higher density observed at the radiographic level of the MDA group is indicative of the presence of particles of this material at the three moments of analysis. From the histological results, the biocompatibility of the material is observed, which when it was in the presence of titanium implants despite reaching lower values of BIC (-14.46%) and peripheral area density showed integration in all cases. Discussion: These results add to the evidence that dentin can be used successfully as a material for alveolar socket preservation given its desirable mechanical and biological properties.